Scholasticism
Who used and taught the Scholastic System?
the Roman Catholic Church
He argued that instead of a geocentric model, a heliocentric model made much more sense. Who was this?
Nicalaus Copernicus
According to Enlightenment thinkers, where do human rights come from?
From Nature or Nature's God
According to this economic theory, the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of bullion, or gold and silver.
Mercantilism
According to the church, this is anything taught that is false or blasphemous against God and the church. What is this called?
Heresy
Who were the two ancient authors (outside of the Bible) that Scholasticism relied upon for their views of the Universe?
Aristotle
Ptolemy
He argued that the moon had mountains, that Jupiter had four moons around it, and sunspots. Who was this?
Galileo Galilei
According to Hobbes, in this realm there is no justice, ethics, or laws. Instead, life here is "nasty, brutish, and short."
the State of Nature
He was the author of Wealth of the Nations, and introduced the world to Capitalism. Who is this?
Adam Smith
Galileo was condemned and forced to recant his views by what Roman Catholic Court? What was the court called?
The Roman Inquisition
How did the Scholastic system explain the planets and stars revolving around the Earth? How did they teach this was possible?
They were embedded in a translucent (see-through) and crystal-like spheres that moved around the Earth.
He defined the three laws of motion, as well as establishing the law of gravity. He also described the universe as a big uniform machine. Who is this?
Isaac Newton
While Hobbes argues one can never take back the rights surrendered to the Social Contract, John Locke disagrees and calls the rights we voluntarily laid down this. What is it?
inalienable rights
In the 19th Century United States, these four problems became rampant because of unchecked Capitalism. What are the four problems?
1) Low Wages
2) Long Work Hours
3) Hazardous Work Conditions
4) Exploitation of Workers - Child Workers
He argued the Earth rotated around the sun, but also spins in rotation around its own axis. Who is this?
Nicolaus Copernicus
The Prime Mover
He argued that the orbit of the planets around the sun was elliptical instead of circular. Who is this?
Johannes Kepler
He argued the people of a nation are the Sovereign not the king. The people informs the state and the state responds to the people. Who is this?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Capitalism is an economic theory of liberty and freedom:
1) Freedom to own private property
2) Freedom from interference with Government
What is the French phrase that describes point #2?
laissez-faire economics
According to Hobbes, why should we never seek to break or revolt against the Social Contract?
the fear is a return to the State of Nature, where there are no guarantees of survival.
Model of the universe where the earth is geocentric to all other heavenly bodies revolving around it. What was this system of Scholasticism called?
the Ptolemaic System
He established the Scientific Method, and based it upon inductive reasoning.
Francis Bacon
This group stood against the Enlightenment, vowing to stomp out their revolution if they popped up in their boarders.
the Concert of Europe or Congress of Vienna
Jeremy Bentham argued that Government has an obligation to serve the greatest good for the maximum amount of people. What is this economic theory called?
Utilitarianism
This was an Enlightenment religion, which denied the trinity on the basis that it was an illogical doctrine. What is this group called?
the Unitarians