Final Exam Review

Unit 1

100

Which chemical bond allows for the emergent properties of water such as high heat of vaporization and high cohesive strength?

Hydrogen bonds.

200

It refers to the sum of chemical reactions that occur in the cell.

a. Homeostasis

b. Adaptation

c. Metabolism

d. Cellular respiration

c. Metabolism

300

A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1x10^-9. What is the pH of the solution?

a. 1x10^-5

b. 5

c. 1x10^-9

d. 9

b. 5

400

Which of the following determines an atom's chemical properties? 

a. protons

b. electrons

c. neutrons

d. nucleus

b. electrons

500

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and atomic mass of 16. 

a. How many valence electrons does an atom of oxygen have? 

b. How many electrons does an atom of oxygen have?

c. How many electrons does an ion of oxygen have?

a. 6

b. 8

c. 10

Unit 2

100

The characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer to allow the passage of some substances but not others is called __________.

Selective permeability

200

The monomers of proteins are __________.

a. monosaccharides

b. fatty acids

c. nucleotides

d. amino acids

d. amino acids

300

Which of the following is the covalent bond that connects nucleic acid monomers together?

a. Glycosidic linkages

b. Ester linkages

c. Phosphodiester linkages

d. Peptide linkages

c. Phosphodiester linkages

400

Which of the following would not be found as part of the plasma membrane?

a. carbohydrates

b. lipids

c. nucleic acids

d. proteins

c. nucleic acids

500

Which of the following statements is false?

a. DNA is double stranded and that strands run anti-parallel to each other.

b. RNA transmits genetic information from DNA to protein synthesizers.

c. Both strands of DNA are held together by phosphodiester bonds.

d. RNA has a ribose pentose.  

c. Both strands of DNA are held together by phosphodiester bonds.

Unit 3

100

Which of the following is not an output of pyruvate oxidation?

a. acetyl-CoA

b. CO₂

c. NADH

d. FADH₂

d. FADH₂

200

Which of the following organelles is used to carry out cellular respiration?

a. Cell Wall

b. Nucleus

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Mitochondrion

d. Mitochondrion

300

Which of the following protein structures is created due to the folding of the peptide backbone into pleated sheets or alpha helices?

a. primary structure

b. secondary structure

c. tertiary structure

d. quaternary structure

b. secondary structure

400

Which of the following is not an example of passive transport?

a. Simple diffusion

b. Facilitated diffusion

c. Sodium-Potassium pump

d. Osmosis

c. Sodium-Potassium pump

500

In cellular respiration, 

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ => 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

which of the molecules is reduced?

oxygen, O₂

Unit 4

100

Homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over during which phase of Meiosis?

a. Interphase

b. Prophase 

c. Prophase I

d. Prophase II

c. Prophase I

200

Prokaryotic cells divide through a process called __________.

a. Binary fission

b. Binary fusion

c. Meiosis

d. Mitosis

a. Binary fission

300

In what phase of Meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

a. Metaphase 1

b. Metaphase 2

c. Anaphase 1

d. Anaphase 2

d. Anaphase 2

400

It refers to the modification of the RNA transcript to become the final messenger RNA (mRNA) which is used to make a protein.

a. Intron

b. Exon

c. RNA processing

d. Splicing

c. RNA processing

500

Which of the following is not needed during transcription?

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Transcription factors

d. Operator

a. DNA polymerase

Mixed

100

True or False:

Fermentation is used to regenerate oxidized electron carriers.

True.

200

The complete set of deoxyribonucleic acid in a living organism is called __________.

a. Gene

b. Genome

c. Ribosome

d. Chromosome

b. Genome

300

Which cell communication allows cells to transmit signal molecules to a distant cell through the bloodstream?

a. autocrine

b. paracrine

c. endocrine

d. synaptic

c. endocrine

400

Which of the following statements is false? 

a. Anabolism is an exergonic reaction. 

b. Anabolism is the synthesis of new molecules from smaller components. 

c. Catabolism is a metabolic pathway which releases energy. 

d. Catabolism degrades larger molecules to smaller components. 

a. Anabolism is an exergonic reaction.

500

What is the primary mechanism by which allosteric regulation affects enzyme activity? 

a. by binding to the active site of the enzyme

b. by altering the enzyme's shape through binding at a site other than the active site

c. by increasing the substrate concentration

d. by permanently denaturing the enzyme

b. by altering the enzyme's shape through binding at a site other than the active site