Exam 1
General explanations of natural phenomena that have been supported by a large body of experiments and observations
What is a theory?
The site where a non-competitive inhibitor binds to an enzyme
What is allosteric site?
Main packaging mechanism for eukaryotic DNA
What are nucleosomes?
Describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins
What is the Central Dogma?
Chemical reaction that releases the energy that fuels many of the cellular processes we've covered
(Hint: think about what molecule is our energy input in some of these processes)
ATP hydrolysis
The purine DNA bases
What are Thymine and Cytosine?
The breakdown of large, organic molecules into smaller, simpler ones, accompanied by a release of energy
What is catabolic reaction?
Ring of actin filaments that divides the cytoplasm
What is contractile ring?
Tell RNA polymerase where to bind in transcription, often include a TATA box
What are promoter sequences?
The probability that a pregnant woman who already has 4 sons will have a baby boy
What is 1/2?
The part of an amino acid that gives each amino acid its unique structure and chemical properties
What is R-group?
Muscle cells and the liver store glucose in this molecule
What is glycogen?
Ploidy of cells in telophase I of meiosis
What is haploid?
The part of the pre-mRNA transcript that does not get translated
What are introns?
Proteins that stabilize single-stranded DNA in DNA replication but are NOT in transcription
What are SSBPs?
Experiment that disproved spontaneous generation (meat in jars + maggots)
What is Francesco Redi Experiment?
Location where fermentative pathways occur in the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
A protein found in the nucleus that functions in the DNA damage checkpoint and can initiate apoptosis
What is p53?
Genes that are always being transcribed/expressed because the proteins they code for are essential for survival and maintenance of cellular activities
What are housekeeping genes?
Biological molecule comprised of a sugar and a base
What is a nucleoside?
The change in [OH-] concentration from pH 6 to pH 9
What is 10^3 increase in [OH-]?
Occurs when rubisco adds O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP
What is photorespiration?
Two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source
What are homologous chromosomes?
Site of peptide bond formation in protein synthesis
What is the P site of the ribosome?
Enzymes that attache the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA
What are tRNA synthases?