PHI as Way of Life
Explain our "Third way of Life" which deals with Stoicism
What is Living rationally in accordance with the rational plan of the universe (e.g. practical and theoretical commitments)
This philosopher employed methodological skepticism in order for us to challenge tradition and for us to formulate new ways to "re-carve" reality
What is Zhuangzi
According to the stoics beliefs, after receiving an impression these are the things that are up to us.
(Think about chocolate example in class)
What are (assent) impulses/aversions and actions/passions
Assent means deeming something as true or false
Action means movement, responding, activity
Passion means excessive response to an impression
This is the logical strategy Socrates employed in his argument against Euthyphro
What is the Elenchus
Elenchus = Cross examination; get the other to doubt their beliefs through contradiction, validity, and soundness
Main Arguments Course: Virtue, Happiness, Death, Morality, Existence of God, Problem of Evil, Freedom, Rationality, Stoicism, Skepticism, Experience vs Innate Ideas
BLAH
Explain our "Second Way of Life" which deals with Aristotle
What is Perfect ourselves through virtue and reason. We should develop good habits and improve through continual practice and contemplation
Define these terms (most ones right gets the points)
(1) Ataraxia; (2) Isostheneia; (3) Epoche; (4) Phaninomenon; (5) Metriopatheia
- Ataraxia = mental tranquility
- Isostheneia = equal strength/equipollence
- Epochê = suspension of judgement
- Phainomenon = appearance
- Metriopatheia = moderation of feeling
This is the problem pertaining to freedom of choice when the divine (God) has complete knowledge of the future
What is the Problem of Foreknowledge
These are the two main philosophical positions pertaining to our sources of knowledge
What are Empiricism and Rationalism
Empiricism: There are no innate concepts; everything is acquired through experience
Rationalism: There are innate concepts that come from the mind prior to experience
Explain our "First Way of Life" which deals with Plato/Socrates
What is Engaging in self-reflection to test both our and other's beliefs for the pursuit of truth/good
These are the four types of skeptical arguments about Morality employed by Nietzsche
(Most ones right gets the points)
What are: Perspectivism/Relativism; Genealogy; Naturalism; Pragmatism
Define optimistic and pessimistic stoicism
Optimistic: The rationally ordered universe is actually good therefore; thus bad things are part of a better plan
Pessimistic: All I can control is my own virtue; I don't know if the universe is for the best
Name at least three philosophers who argued that "Death is not something to be feared"
Who are Plato/Socrates; Lucretius; Plotinus
Explain our "Fifth Way of Life" which includes the likes of Descartes, Hume, Zhuangzi, Nietzsche
What is Employ skepticism to question and doubt everything; and perhaps gain a level of humility and tranquility
These are the two types of thought experiments to which Descartes employs his radical doubt. Eventually the cogito would be able to withstand these
What are dreaming/illusions and the evil demon hypothesis
Define Determinism, Libertarianism, and Compatibilism
Determinism: Our actions are wholly determined by the laws of nature
Libertarianism: Our actions are not wholly determined by the laws of nature; my choices are independent
Compatibilism: Our actions are wholly determined by the laws of nature, but I am responsible for my choices
How do Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics define their highest virtue(s)
Plato: Wisdom = Conditionality Thesis
Stoics: Knowledge = Knowing what's appropriate and not appropriate
Aristotle: Multiple Virtues (12); Virtues allow us to fulfill our function well to achieve happiness
Explain our "Fourth Way of Life" which involves Epicurus, Lucretius, Mill
What is The pursuit of pleasure, happiness and ataraxia
Two Part Question: (1) What are the two classes of 'perception of the mind according to Hume; (2) Which does the concept of God fall under?
PLUS Extra Bonus: How would Descartes respond to this?
What are impressions and ideas; God falls under the category of an idea which is a product of the mind.
The idea of God cannot come from a finite being (imperfect), rather it must come from a perfect source :)
These are two the ways to define freedom
Remember (PAP; PCS))
What are (1) Principle of Alternative Possibilities (Freedom to act otherwise) and (2) Principle of Causal Sourcehood (Be the source of my actions)
Name as many qualities (properties) you can about Plato's Forms
1. Eternal and unchanging 2. Ontologically superior 3. The Form of F is most F 4. Separate from sensible particulars 5. Singular 6. Primary bearer of the name ‘F’ 7. Sensible particulars are F because they stand in an appropriate relationship to the Form of F 8. Objective standards/criteria/models for F-ness 9. Objects of recollection 10. Objects of knowledge