Evolution
This term describes a heritable trait that increases an organism's fitness in a particular environment.
What is an adaptation?
This term describes an allele that is expressed only when two copies are present.
What is recessive?
This organelle is the site of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the mitochondria?
This type of feedback loop counteracts a change to maintain homeostasis.
What is negative feedback?
This enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
This mechanism of evolution results from random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
What is genetic drift?
This law states that alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.
What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?
This process converts glucose into pyruvate and occurs in the cytosol.
What is glycolysis?
This organ filters blood, removes nitrogenous waste, and regulates water balance.
What is the kidney?
This process removes introns and joins exons to produce mature mRNA.
What is RNA splicing?
This type of selection favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of a distribution
What is disruptive selection?
A cross between two heterozygotes (Aa × Aa) produces this genotypic ratio
What is 1:2:1?
This enzyme fixes carbon in the Calvin cycle.
What is Rubisco?
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other cells.
What is the dendrite?
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
This process occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population with limited genetic variation.
What is the founder effect?
This phenomenon occurs when one gene influences multiple traits.
What is pleiotropy?
This cellular structure is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This molecule binds oxygen in red blood cells and releases it based on tissue needs.
What is hemoglobin?
This regulatory sequence in DNA is where transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind to initiate transcription.
What is the promoter?
This type of reproductive isolation occurs when two species breed at different times of day or seasons.
What is temporal isolation?
This type of inheritance results in a blended phenotype in heterozygotes.
What is incomplete dominance?
This term describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This process in the nephron creates a concentration gradient in the medulla, allowing for water reabsorption.
What is countercurrent exchange?
This mechanism allows bacteria to regulate gene expression by turning operons on or off in response to environmental changes.
What is operon regulation?