Surveillance
To describe the burden of illness and monitor trends.
Reasons to do surveillance
Calculated as (true +)/(true + plus false -)
Used to present proportions
Pie chart
The effect where practices improve when attention is drawn to them
Hawthorne Effect
A cluster of cases with a common exposure
An outbreak
Existing cases of disease at a point in time
Point prevalence
The sum of values divided by total observations
Mean
Another name for an epidemic curve
Histogram
Gold standard for hand hygiene audits
Direct observation
Outbreaks that are reportable in institutions
Gastroenteritis and respiratory infections
A group of symptoms occurring together
Syndrome
# cases with the disease / total population at risk
Attack rate
Used to compare data for groups, stacked or side by side
Bar chart
Technique for giving audit feedback
Compliment sandwich
An increase in cases above baseline
PIDAC outbreak definition
Timely, flexible, sensitive
Ideal surveillance system
The denominator is device days
Device-associated infection rate
Ways of sharing data summaries
Direct observation, post-cleaning testing, ATP
Methods of auditing environmental cleaning
Change in case definition, testing, screening, or seasonality
Possible reasons for an increase in illness
FluWatch, NESP, CNISP
National surveillance programs
Can be stratified by surgeon or surgery type
Surgical site infection (SSI) rates
Clear title, axis labels, legend
Things that should be on a figure
Aims to minimize the frequency, duration and number of antibiotics prescribed
Antibiotic stewardship audit
Table summarizing case information (onset dates, symptoms, lab testing)
A line list