Unit 1
longitudinal
Your patient has microtia (a small/missing pinna). How will their localization be affected?
The pinna is responsible for localization in the vertical plane. So, localizing sounds directly below, in front, above, and behind them might be difficult
You have a patient come in with an ear infection. What type of hearing loss will they have?
CHL
You have a sine wave with a frequency of 4000 Hz. What is its period?
0.00025 seconds or 0.25 milliseconds
You go up on a plane and your ears plug up, so you yawn to release the pressure. What structure of the ear are you activating?
The eustachian tube
**BONUS: what wall is the eustachian tube found on in the middle ear?**
To perform speech testing on your patient, you play the word "baseball" in their headphones and give them 4 pictures to choose from, one of which being a baseball. This is a ___I____AFC.
1 interval 4 alternative forced choice
HA transmits a signal using air conduction
CI transmits a signal using electrical impulses directly to the auditory nerve
BAHA transmits a signal using bone conduction
What is the equation that describes the relationship between mass and stiffness?
f= sqrt(k/m)
You have a patient come in who has an air bone gap on their audiogram, meaning their middle ear is likely affected and their impedance matching isn't working well. What are the three ways the middle ear impedance mismatches?
1) area ratio
2) lever function
3) the curved shape of the TM
While performing audiometry, you realize you have to mask your patient at 500 Hz. What frequency should your narrowband noise be centered on to be the most effective? What frequency would not be effective?
Centered around 500 Hz, any frequency that is much lower or much higher would not mask the tone well
abnormal -> OAEs test the function of outer hair cells, presbycusis causes damage to outer hair cells, therefore OAEs will likely be affected
Hookian
amplification of the basilar membrane at low levels
compression of the basilar membrane at mid to high levels
sharpening of the basilar membrane response
If your JND for intensity at 25 dB is 5 dB, what would your JND be at 50 dB according to weber's law?
10 dB
Your patient you just tested has abnormal bone conduction thresholds, abnormal air conduction thresholds, and no air bone gap. What type of hearing loss will they have? Where can the site of lesion be?
This results in a SNHL, meaning the lesion could be in the cochlea or anywhere in the central auditory nervous system
1) spectrogram
2) spectra
3) waveform
spectrogram: x=time, y=frequency
spectra: x=frequency, y=amplitude
waveform: x=time, y=amplitude
You recently referred a patient to a physician because of signs of a possible brainstem tumor. Weeks later you find out that they did have a tumor that damaged their lateral superior olive. What method of localization will likely be affected? What if it damaged their MSO?
LSO = ILDs
MSO - ITDs
You have a patient that has a severe unilateral hearing loss. They struggle to localize sounds, even if the masker and tone are in different locations. What concept am I describing, and why would that be the case?
Spatial release from masking. If one ear is impaired, we can't compare localization cues from both ears, making localization difficult.
You have a patient come in who does not have an auditory nerve in one ear. You perform audiometry and find that they have a unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. Would you recommend a CI?
No, you need a functioning auditory nerve for a CI to work properly