Section 1
When thinking about the different levels of organization, what are the levels in order?
Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level.
Are Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue alive or dead when they get to the sufrace? Why?
they are dead, as they travel farther away from the stratum basale, they lose nutrients and cannot survive
This type of ossification happens in flat bones
intramembraneous
This structure stores calcium
Sacroplasmic Reticulum
Neurons of the retina and olfactory epithelium are commonly classified as this structural type
Bipolar Neuron
Give 3 anatomical directions and their opposite match.
dorsal and ventral
proximal and distal
anterior and posterior
medial and lateral
This cell produces collagen fibers.
fibroblasts
What is the first place ossification happens in endochondral ossification
primary ossification center
Name three types of muscle tissue
What are their characteristics?
Smooth Muscle: spindle-shaped ; uninucleated
Skeletal Muscle: Striated fibers and multinucleated
Cardiac Muscle: Interclated discs, branching fibers, uninucleated or biucleated
What is the function of the thalamus
Relays sensory information to the cortex
Is it true or false that childbirth would be an example of a positive feedback mechanism, and why?
True because with a negative feedback mechanism, the body is brought farther away from homeostasis to a certain point. (childbirth)
What is the tissue type inside the trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar ET
What is the function of synovial fluid in joints
reduce the friction of articulating surfaces
If no ATP is available in a muscle fiber, what will occur?
The muscle will remain contracted
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential moves the membrane potential in which direction relative to the threshold
farther away from threshold
Name three types of bonds and a brief description of both
Hydrogen bond: Attraction of atoms, not ions (very weak)
Covalent bond: the strongest type of bond (double and triple bonds are present)
Ionic Bonds: form with oppositely charged ions (share/transfer ions to become stable)
What are the 2 region of the skin and 1 region that is not technically part of the skin? Name tissues found there.
Epidermis: nonkeratinized stratified squamous ET
Dermis: areolar CT and dense CT
Hypodermis: Adipose tissue and Areolar
What structure holds bone to bone
ligament
The middle layer of muscle that is made of fibrous connective tissue and dense, irregular connective tissue is called the
perimysium
What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
Prevent toxins from entering the brain?
Compare transcription to translation. Where is this happening? what is happening
Transcription: dna -> mrna inside the nucleus
Translation: mrna searches from the ribosome in the cytoplasm to become a protien
What are the 3 membrane types in the body?
Where are they found? what tissues are they made of.
Cutaneous Membrane: The epidermis; nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Serous Membrane: a double-layered membrane inside body cavities, separated by fluid; mesothelium
Mucousa Membrane: Found in the open body cavities; nonkeratinized stratified squamous
This process causes the cartilage to lengthen before being replaced by bone
Intersitial Growth
Draw a scaromere and label as many structures as you can.
Z line - boundaries of sacromere
Myosin: Thick Filaments
Actin: Thin Filaments
I band: actin only
A band: actin and myosin
H zone: myosin only ; M line
What are bundles of axons in the CNS classified as?
Tracts