MATTER AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE
What is matter and its 2 characteristics?
Matter is anything that has 1) mass and takes up 2) space/volume
Is color a physical or chemical property? Give ONE other example of a physical property.
Physical; examples: density, mass, boiling point, melting point.
An element is located in Row (Period) 3 and Column (Group) 2 of the periodic table. What element is it?
Magnesium (Mg)
What does the atomic number of an element tell you?
Number of protons
Write the full electron configuration of lithium (Li).
1s² 2s¹
Ammonia (NH₃) is which of the following? Check all that apply. A. Element, B. Molecule, C. Compound, D. Mixture
B. Molecule and C. Compound
Burning wood is a physical change or a chemical change? Explain WHY.
Chemical; identity is changed and new substances are formed. The burnt wood cannot revert back to the original wood.
Is chlorine (Cl) located in the s-block or the p-block?
p-block
An atom has a mass number of 23 and an atomic number of 11. How many neutrons does it have?
12
Write the noble gas electron configuration of chlorine (Cl).
[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
Explain why O₂ is considered a molecule but NOT a compound.
O₂ is a molecule because it contains two atoms bonded together. It is not a compound because both atoms are oxygen. Compounds must contain two or more different kinds of elements (different types of atoms) chemically bonded together.
Explain why melting ice is a physical change, but burning paper is a chemical change.
Melting ice changes only the state (solid to liquid), but not the identity. Burning forms new substances and changes the identity.
What family does bromine (Br) belong to?
Halogens
Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 are isotopes. What makes them isotopes? How many neutrons does Carbon-12 have? How many neutrons does Carbon-13 have?
Same protons, different neutrons, different mass numbers
6
7
Draw the orbital diagram for oxygen (O).
1s [↑↓]
2s [↑↓]
2p [↑↓] [↑] [↑]
1) Which subatomic particle determines an element's identity? 2) Which particle changes to form an isotope?3) Which particle changes to form an ion? 4) Which subatomic particle is the heaviest? 5) Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located in the atom?
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Neutron
Protons & neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons are outside the nucleus.
Complete BOTH statements: Mixtures are separated using __________ methods. Compounds are separated using __________ methods. Then explain WHY.
Physical; Chemical
Mixtures are not chemically bonded; compounds are.
Name ONE of each: Halogen, Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal, Noble gas
Halogen: F, Cl, Br, I
Alkali metal: Li, Na, K
Alkaline earth: Be, Mg, Ca
Noble gas: He, Ne, Ar, there are others too!
Answer BOTH: 1) Magnesium loses two electrons. What is its new charge and is it a cation or an anion? 2) Fluorine gains one electron. What is its new charge and is it a cation or an anion?
Mg²⁺: 2+, cation
F⁻: 1−, anion
Is oxygen (O) paramagnetic or diamagnetic? Explain your answer using paired and unpaired electrons.
Paramagnetic; it has unpaired electrons.
An atom has: 12 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons
Determine: 1. The element 2. The mass number 3. The charge 4. Is it an atom or an ion?
Magnesium (Mg)
24
2+
Ion (cation)
You have a mixture containing iron, salt, and sand. Explain how you would separate all three substances in the correct order and explain why each step works.
Magnet removes iron. (Magnetism)
Add water to dissolve salt. (Solubility)
Filter to remove sand. (Filtration)
Evaporate water to recover salt. (Evaporation)
Name ALL seven diatomic elements.
H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂
Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer!
An ion has: 27 electrons, A 3+ charge, A mass number of 59
Determine: 1. Number of protons, 2. Number of neutrons, 3. The element, 4. Is it a cation or an anion?
30
29
Zinc (Zn)
Cation
An element has 9 electrons. 1. Write the full electron configuration. 2. Write the noble gas configuration. 3. Draw the orbital diagram. 4. Is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic? 5. Explain your answer, and how many paired or unpaired electrons does it have?
1s² 2s² 2p⁵
[He] 2s² 2p⁵
1s [↑↓] 2s [↑↓] 2p [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑]
Paramagnetic
Has one unpaired electron