Unit 1
What Chinese invention contributed to the Song dynasty's high literacy rate?
The invention of woodblock printing. It was a printing technique that allowed for an increase in literacy rates.
Who was Ghengis Khan?
The first great emperor of the Mongol Empire. He is known for his success in extending their power over China, Persia, and most of Russia.
Define a Gunpowder Empire.
A type of empire that utilized gunpowder to conquer and take control over vast regions.
What is the science/practice of drawing maps?
Cartography is the science of drawing maps. It allowed for better navigation.
What did the government Enlightenment thinker, Thomas Hobbes believe in?
Humans in their natural state are evil, brutish, and greedy, and if the government was upholding natural rights, subjects may not rebel. He also created the social theory in which a government's job is to create laws to protect you, and you should follow them.
How did Muhammad's teachings influence the Islamic culture?
Muhammad's life formed the foundation of many Islamic teachings to this day. Muhammad's beliefs shaped the Islamic culture through the use of the Quran, religious practices, and family and social roles.
What does "Mongolian Peace" mean and who was the primary leader during this period?
The Mongolian peace means Pax Mongolia. It was a period that connected religions through trade. Genghis Khan was the primary leader during this time.
Which country emerged via the Safavid Empire?
Iran was the first country to emerge from the Safavid Empire.
What did Vaso De Gama accomplish?
He discovered a sea route to India that connected the Atlantic and Indian oceans. He was also named governor of India in 1524.
What did the Enlightenment or "Age of Reason" create?
A foundation for skepticism from the scientific revolution. It also led to people questioning religious and political views.
Explain how the term "Filial Piety" influences family dynamics in China.
Filial piety is a core principle of Confucianism. It is defined as respecting one's elders/parents.
What was a caravansari?
A type of inn or hotel that acted as a stopping point for travelers on their journeys in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa.
What Safavid Leader was religiously tolerant of many religions and was he successful in expanding?
Shah Abbas l was the most tolerant leader and was successful in expanding, making his empire one of the most powerful in the region at the time.
In the Triangular Trade, where did the most African Slaves that were kidnapped mostly originate from?
West Africa, especially present-day Angola and Congo.
What were Mary Wollstonecraft's beliefs in the rights of women?
She believed that women and men should have equal rights, be regarded as human beings, and have equal education.
How did the House of Wisdom in Baghdad contribute to the advancement of knowledge during the Islamic Golden Age?
The House of Wisdom was a center for translating texts from Greek, Persian, Indian, and other cultures into Arabic. These translations helped preserve knowledge that might have been lost.
How did Genghis Khan's leadership and military tactics lead to the expansion of the Mongol Empire?
Genghis's military was well structured. It was made up of fast, well-skilled horse archers who would lead quickly and strike at enemies.
What were the 95 theses and what was the outcome?
The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther; they were complaints against the Catholic Church (especially the selling of indulgences). This event is often seen as the start of the Protestant Reformation.
This sort of worker often signed a written agreement for seven years of service. In return for their contract, the worker was given freedom from confinement and a portion of the wealth on which they worked.
In indentured servitude, American colonies would provide food, shelter, and sometimes land depending on the circumstances of the slave owner.
What was Adam Smith's opinion/beliefs on supply and demand?
He believed that the economy is governed by supply and demand and that supply and demand should determine prices.
How do followers of Islam (Muslims) express their beliefs?"
Followers of Islam express their beliefs by praise. They also pray 5x per day, give charity, and do not eat during Ramadan. These beliefs portray the 5 Pillars of Islam. Islam is also a universalizing religion, meaning they try to get other people to follow the religion of Islam.
List and describe two characteristics of the Mongol Empire that allowed them to expand so quickly.
The Mongols had a very big army; they had 9-year-olds up to 70 years old in the military. These males were expected to drop everything to be drafted into the military. One thing that caused such success was how he organized his military; he organized them through tins and groups of 10,000, 1,000, 100, and so on. This allowed Ganguis Khan to hold the largest empire ever, and conquer Eurasia (Poland-Eastern China).
What is the "Divine Right of kings"? How would Louis XIV use this principle to justify his rule?
The Divine Right of Kings is the belief that God tells one of high power to be a ruler. Louis XIV would use this to say that God told him to be the king, then it has to be right. If one had to disagree with this, they were found to be killed. Also, if one is poor, the monarchy would say that they were poor, so God wasn't happy with them.
Describe the connection between the demand for "cash crops" and the "Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade" (use the animated map to help).
The movement shows the connection from Africa to the Americas. The dots are moving, representing a slave ship (Great Britain). Some dots are bigger than others, showing the amounts (of people/groups) per dot. The groups are driven by the need for cash crops. Examples of these crops include cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane.
What is a "Social Contract"? (According to John Locke and Thomas Hobbes).
The social contract was the government's job to create laws to protect the people. The rules were made for citizens to follow for their safety. Locke believed that humans were born with a blank slate. While Hobbes believed that people were evil. During this period was the Enlightenment age, also called the "Age of Reason."