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Chapter 2
Drawing Macromolecules
Macromolecules 2
Organelles and Structures
Cytoskeleton
100

what are isotopes?

same # of protons, different # of neutrons

100

draw an amino acid

H        R          O

    N -- C -- C

H         H         OH

100

what is the name of the reaction that puts two monomers together?

condensation reaction

dehydration reaction

100

what types of cells are organelles found in?

eukaryotes

100

in a logical order, what are the 3 types of cytoskeletal elements?

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

200

what is a polar covalent bond?

unequal sharing of electrons

200

draw a triglyceride

glycerol

FA FA FA

200

where is cellulose found? what is its purpose?

plant cell walls, structure

200

what is the difference between a primary lysosome and a secondary lysosome?

primary lysosome = empty stomach

secondary lysosome = primary lysosome + full vesicle

200
what are the ends of actin called? what's the difference between them?

+ and - end

+ end is dynamic, so monomers get added and removed from here

- end is stable

300

name 3 reasons water is important for life

chemical reactions

provides force/support

removes toxic waste components

evaporative cooling (sweating)

cohesion and adhesion

surface tension

lubrication

binds to macromolecules

300

draw ATP

correct

300

name the levels of protein structure

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

300

what is a lumen?

an inside space (of organelles or between places)
300

what is the motor protein of microtubules?

kinesin
400

ice floats on water. why? what benefits come from this?

ice is less dense than water

insulation for organisms living underwater so they can survive during cold times

400

draw a tripeptide

correct

400

fatty acid tails can vary in ____ and _____

length and saturation

400

what is compartmentalization?

specialization of organelles

different functions/processes happen in different locations

400

name one intermediate filament protein that we discussed

keratin

lamin

500

what is the difference in H+ (proton) concentration in a solution with a pH of 5 and a solution with a pH of 7?

the pH=5 solution has 100x more H+ than the one with pH=7

500

draw a trimer of DNA with the bases T, A, and G

good job

500

what are the two classes of nitrogenous bases?

purines and pyrimidines

500

which organelles make up the endomembrane system?

ER and golgi

500

in order to walk, motor proteins have to use ____

ATP