Metabolism
In glycolysis, how many NET ATP are produced when starting with a molecule of glucose?
2
An individual running on a treadmill has an RER of 0.79. What is likely their dominant fuel source?
Lipids/Fats
T/F. As an adaptation to training, there is likely a decrease in RER when exercising at the same speed?
True
Which fiber type is capable of producing the greatest power output?
Type IIx
What is the rate limiting enzyme in the Krebs Cycle?
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
How many H+ enter in the electron transport chain at Pump 1 from a molecule of NADH + H+?
4
What is the formula for VO2?
(HR*SV) * a-v O2 difference
Q * a-v O2 difference
True/False. Lactate production during maximal exercise is increased as an adaptation to training.
True.
What gets released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Calcium
How many NET ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a 16C FFA?
106 ATP
Phosphoglyceromutase catalyzes which reaction?
3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate
What will increase the resistance of blood flow? Select all that apply.
A. Increased radius of blood vessel
B. Decreased radius of blood vessel
C. Increased viscosity
D. Decreased viscosity.
B + C
True/False.The diffusion constant for carbon dioxide is 3x greater than the diffusion constant for oxygen.
False
What neurotransmitter helps transmit the signal from the nerve to the muscle fiber?
Acetylcholine
When inorganic phosphate releases from myosin, what occurs?
Power stroke
How many CO2 are produced when converting pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?
1
At what point does stroke volume plateau in an elite level athlete?
Continuously increases
What value would likely represent the arterial oxygen content at rest?
20 ml of O2 per 100 ml of blood
Which of the following are located/stored in the sarcoplasm? Select all that apply.
1. Electron transport chain
2. Myoglobin
3. Glycogen
4. Phosphocreatine
5. Succinate dehydrogenase
2, 3, 4
What is the reaction that carbonic anhydrase catalyzes?
H2O + CO2 <--> H2CO3
How many NADH + H+ are produced in the Kreb's Cycle during the complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose?
6
During long duration (60 minutes) steady-state exercise, which of the following would DECREASE? Select all that apply.
1. Cardiac output
2. Heart Rate
3. Stroke volume
4. Mean arterial pressure
5. Plasma volume
3, 4, 5
List all of the ways in which peripheral chemoreceptors would be stimulated to cause an INCREASE in ventilation. Hint. There are 3.
Increased CO2
Increased H+/Decreased pH
Decreased O2
What are the main differences between Type I and Type II muscle fibers that allow for the muscle to shorten fastest? Hint. There are 3 answers.
Increased myosin ATPase activity
Larger sarcoplasmic reticulum
Large motor units
Name four intrinsic factors that would cause vasodilation.
Decreased pH/Increased H+
Decreased O2
Increased CO2
Increased temperature
Increased nitric oxide
Decreased pressure