What is Public Health?/Ethics/Typhoid Mary
List 2 differences between public health and health care.
Public Health: population level, preventing illness, health promotion-goal is to prevent disease
Health Care: individual level, healing ill patients, care and treatment-goal is to cure disease
Who is known as the Father of Epidemiology, and what did they study in order to earn this name?
John Snow - how cholera was spread
When we cannot prevent these emergencies/disasters from happening, we try to ________ their impact.
reduce
Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required.
Elimination
Fear of vaccine safety, misinformation, and lack of knowledge are examples of what type of key challenges to achieving herd immunity for vaccine-preventable diseases in the US?
Hesitancy
This is restriction of people’s individual freedom with the aim of protecting their health and safety (protecting themselves from harm).
Paternalism
______________ describes a disease occurring within an area or community at all times (the constant presence of a disease in a geographic population)
Endemic
Natural disasters such as hurricanes, blizzards, and forest fires are known as typically __________ disasters.
predictable
A severe allergy is what kind of vaccine requirement exemption?
Medical exemption
Cost/financial barrier, insurance coverage, and location/distance to care are examples of what type of key challenges to achieving herd immunity for vaccine-preventable diseases in the US?
Access
This describes the tension in public health between giving priority to individuals-individual autonomy-and promoting the good of groups or populations.
Fundamental ethical dilemma of public health
What mode of transmission occurs when a person is exposed to the agent by touching a table or doorknob.
Indirect transmission or vehicle-borne transmission
Planning in advance of the emergency. Working with other agencies to ensure coordination of all the
activities of the responders. Be knowledgeable about the community and its resources
What is it called when everyone that is contact with a
newborn is immunized
Cocooning
Describe a key risk factor for one of the 5 most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)-Key risk factor: duration of mechanical ventilation use. Surgical Site/Wound Infection (SSI)-Key risk factor: duration of operation. (Time that tissue is exposed to the environment, leading to an increased chance of contamination.). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)-Key risk factor: duration of urinary catheter use (prolonged use).Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI)-Key risk factor: duration of central line use. Gastrointestinal Infection-Key risk factor: antibiotic use
This strategy seeks root causes of disease and disability and addresses issues through prevention rather than treatment.
Upstream metaphor
What is this type of surge capacity known as? Supplies, medicines, and devices are in a stockpile
for short-term lifesaving care when emergencies
occur
Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)
What does this describe? Some of the population gets immunized-contagious disease spreads through some of the population.
Individual protection
Transmission of antibiotic resistant infections is facilitated by increased trade, travel, and human/animal migration. What describes this?
Globalization
As part of the ___________________ function, public health seeks to understand the medical care system in an area of study generally referred to as health policy and management or health administration, which also includes the administration and functioning of the public health system. (making resources/services accessible to all members of all communities)
assurance
List the 6 links in the chain of infection, and describe one of the links.
1. Infectious agent (pathogen): virus, bacterium, or parasite that causes the disease in humans
2. Reservoir: place where pathogen lives and multiplies
3. Poral of exit: where the pathogen leaves/exits the host
4. Method/Mode of Transmission: the way pathogen travels from one host to another, or from a reservoir to a new host
5. Portal of entry: where the pathogen enters the host
6. Susceptible host: even if the pathogen enters, a new potential host may not be susceptible because that host has immunity to the pathogen
What is the ability to evaluate and care for a high increase volume of patients/cases? (adequate staff, supplies, equipment, structures to meet need of influx of patients)
surge capacity
The number of people infected by one case in a completely susceptible population
R naught or R0
Explain why healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are typically more severe and difficult to treat than community-acquired infections?
Healthcare-associated infections are typically caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens