Newton’s Laws of Motion
Which two characteristics most affect an object’s acceleration according to Newton’s Second Law? Explain briefly.
Mass - The greater the mass, the more force will be needed to make it accelerate
Force: the more for you apply to an object, the more acceleration the object will have
What are the 2 pieces of evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory?
1. Cosmic back ground radiation
2. The doppler effect
Which type of electromagnetic wave is used for communication such as radios and cell phones?
Radio waves and Microwaves
Define wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.
wavelength is the distance between two waves
frequency is how often the wave occurs
amplitude is the height of the wave and carries the energy
What is the main source of energy that drives weather on Earth?
Solar Radiation = Thermal energy from the sun
A box accelerates at 5 m/s² when a force of 25 N is applied. What is the mass of the box? Show your work
5 Kg
Name the stage of a star’s life cycle where it spends most of its lifetime.
The main sequence
Which electromagnetic waves are used in medical imaging to look at broken bones? Why are they useful?
X Rays. They see through soft tissue but not bones.
If a wave has a short wavelength, what can you infer about its frequency?
the frequency would be low/short
Why does warm air rise and cold air sink in the atmosphere?
convection currents driven by density differences in air molecules
A soccer ball is kicked and immediately begins to move. Which of Newton’s Laws explains this change in motion, and why?
Newton's 1st law; an object at rest will stay at rest unless an outside force acts upon it (the ball being kicked)
What determines whether a star becomes a red giant or a supergiant later in its life?
The mass of the pro star
How does wavelength change as frequency increases across the electromagnetic spectrum?
Wavelength decreases as frequency increases
Which wave property is related to the amount of energy a wave carries? Explain.
The amplitude carries the energy of the wave, the higher the amplitude the higher the wave
Describe the weather conditions usually associated with a low-pressure system.
- Cloudy
- Warm Moist air (humidity)
- Rain
- Warm
Two forces act on a 4 kg object: 10 N east and 6 N west. Calculate the net force and acceleration. Explain the direction of motion.
The net force is 4N East.
The acceleration is 1m/s2 .
Explain how red shift provides evidence that the universe is expanding.
A satellite sends weather data to Earth. Identify the type of electromagnetic waves involved and explain why they are effective for this purpose.
Satellites use radio waves and microwaves to send weather data to Earth. These waves are effective because they can travel long distances through space and the atmosphere with little interference.
Explain how sound waves differ from light waves in how they travel and the type of wave they are.
Explain how uneven heating of Earth’s surface causes wind.
Uneven heating causes some areas of Earth to warm faster than others.
- Warm air becomes less dense and rises, creating low pressure, while cooler air sinks, creating high pressure.
- Air moves from high pressure to low pressure, and this movement of air is called wind.
A swimmer pushes backward on water to move forward. Identify the action and reaction forces and explain why both forces are important.
The swimmer is pushing on the water, the water is pushing back. This is important as the action reaction force pairs are needed to make the swimmer swim.
Compare the final stages of a low-mass star and a high-mass star. How does mass affect their outcomes?
The final stage of a low mass star is a white dwarf and the final stage of a massive star is a black hole or a neutron star
Explain why ultraviolet radiation can be harmful to human skin compared to visible light.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has more energy than visible light because it has a higher frequency and shorter wavelength. This extra energy can damage skin cells and DNA, which can cause sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer. Visible light does not carry enough energy to cause this kind of damage.
The wave with high frequency. The higher the frequency, the more energy in the wave.
Explain how wind helps move thermal energy from the equator toward the poles.
Wind carries warm air from the equator toward the poles and cooler air back, helping balance Earth’s temperatures.