Bill of Rights
List the rights/protections provided by the 2nd Amendment.
Right to bear arms (own guns)
Identify the 2 main clauses of the 14th Amendment.
Due Process Clause & Equal Protection Clause
Define jurisdiction.
The authority of a court to hear a case.
Define civil liberties.
Protections against government actions
What is the process for selecting AND approving Supreme Court Justices?
Nominated by the President and approved by the Senate
List the rights/protections provided by the 4th Amendment.
List the rights/protections provided by the 8th Amendment. [list TWO things]
Freedom from cruel & unusual punishment
Freedom from excessive bails and fines
Subject matter and the parties (2 sides) involved
Define civil rights.
Equal protections for all people; protects from discrimination
What is the outcome and significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Miranda v. Arizona? (include related amendments for decision)
Established requirement of Miranda Warnings - police MUST inform detainees of their rights
right to remain silent
right to attorney & anything said can be used at trial
5th and 14th amendments
List the rights/protections provided by the 1st Amendment. [list ALL FIVE]
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of the Press
Right to Peacefully Assemble
Right to Petition the Government
Which group insisted on the addition of the Bill of Rights before ratifying the Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
Which federal court(s) have ORIGINAL jurisdiction over the majority of cases heard in federal court?
District Trial Courts
Define due process.
legal requirement that the government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person
What is the outcome and significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Mapp v. Ohio? (include related amendments for decision)
Exclusionary rule (evidence gotten illegally cannot be used in court) applies in state cases and protects against unreasonable searches & seizures.
4th and 14th amendments
List the rights/protections provided by the 5th Amendment. [list at least THREE]
Right to be told of your crimes
Freedom from “Double Jeopardy”
Freedom from Self-Incrimination
Eminent Domain
List the rights/protections provided by the 6th Amendment. [list at least THREE]
Right to Speedy and Public Jury Trial
Right to Confront/Obtain Witnesses
Right to Counsel (Attorney or Lawyer)
Which federal court(s) have APPELLATE jurisdiction over the majority of cases heard in federal court?
Circuit Courts of Appeals
What is the difference between judicial activism and judicial restraint?
Judicial activism is used to describe the actions of judges who go beyond their constitutionally prescribed duties of applying law to the facts of individual cases, and "legislate" from the bench.
Judicial restraint is the belief that courts should merely interpret the law rather than make law and should follow the intent of the Founders when interpreting the Constitution
What is the outcome and significance of the Supreme Court's decision in New Jersey v. T.L.O.? (include related amendments for decision)
Set the standard to search a student in school under “reasonable suspicion.” The Court determined that the search was reasonable & evidence could be included for hearing.
List the rights/protections provided by the 9th Amendment.
Rights listed in the Bill of Rights are not the only rights the people have
List the rights/protections provided by the 10th Amendment.
Any power not given to the federal government OR denied to state governments is a power of the states (reserved powers)
Which federal court(s) can exercise BOTH original and appellate jurisdiction?
What does the process of incorporation refer to?
The Supreme Court using the Due Process Clause of the 14th amendment to force state governments to follow the Bill of Rights.
What is the outcome and significance of the Supreme Court's decision in Gregg v. Georgia? (include related amendments for decision)
Established that the death penalty is legal and NOT cruel & unusual punishment. Law changed so juries got specific instructions on when to impose the death penalty.