Galileo published this treatise in Italy in 1610, the first to have been based on observations made with a telescope.
What is Starry Messenger (or, Sidereus Nuncius)?
100
This author is the one in our reader who developed the notion of interrelated histories, arguing that instead of looking for the boundaries between entities in history we need to look for the ways in which those boundaries are crossed.
Who is Marshall G. S. Hodgson?
100
Central to Ottoman governmental strategy, this tax or tribute system involved the Ottoman military kidnapping the sons of Christians in their empire, converting them to Islam, and training them for the military.
What is devsirme?
100
This city, the capital of the Aztec Empire, fell to Hernan Cortes.
What is Tenochtitlan?
100
This fellow led an expedition to the New World, and was ultimately named "Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca" by the Spanish crown.
Who is Hernan Cortes?
200
This theory is the main achievement of Nicolaus Copernicus.
What is heliocentrism?
200
This Protestant denomination broke with Luther and his followers mainly over the idea of predestination, the theological belief that God, being omniscient, knows who is going to heaven and who to hell, an idea that sets up the paradox of free will in Christian theology.
What is Calvinism?
200
As European states grew more powerful, they began to increasingly regulate trade and commerce, usurping authority from these medieval institutions.
What are guilds?
200
This slavery-dependent zone of commerce spanned at least four continents (depending on how you count them).
What is the Columbian Exchange?
200
This famous French Renaissance author of Gargantua and Pantagruel is considered one of the founders of modern European literature.
Who is Francois Rabelais?
300
This isn't science, but this novel, by Miguel de Cervantes, is a founding work of western literature.
What is Don Quixote?
300
Dipesh Chakrabarty makes the case that the Enlightenment was more extensive and important than many scholars recognize; in so doing he traces elements of the revolution it entailed to independent developments among thinkers in this country.
What is India?
300
The overthrow of James II of England during this revolution is seen by some historians as the beginning of parliamentary democracy.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
300
The fall of this city, in 1453, signaled the end of the Roman Empire.
What is Constantinople?
300
This Enlightenment thinker and writer took issue with what he saw as the "immaturity" of unthinking people, saving his greatest ire for the immaturity of religion.
Who is Immanuel Kant?
400
Also not science, though it is an -ism, this system of economic organization aimed to increase and maintain state power at the expense of rival states.
What is mercantilism?
400
The rise of powerful, centralized states in Europe fused with this type of Christianity, emergent in the 1500s, to create increasing factionalism and enmity on the continent.
What is confessional Christianity?
400
This -ism, which became increasingly important to Enlightenment ideas about politics, art, philosophy, and aesthetics, originated in the art practice of the Renaissance.
What is perspectivism?
400
According to most historians, the siege of this city in 1529 signaled the pinnacle of Ottoman power and their furthest reach into Europe.
What is Vienna?
400
The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan (or, more accurately, his laborers) for this Mughal Empress.
Who is Mumtaz Mahal?
500
These rather heinous institutions, which came out of the emergent European desire to categorize things and then gawk at them, are part of the unfortunate, darker side of the Enlightenment and new science.
What are human zoos?
500
This fellow, the fifth child of the Portuguese king John I, was instrumental in ushering in the Age of Discoveries via his tenacious management and development of navigational aids and theories.
Who is Henry the Navigator?
500
Mignolo, in his contribution to our reader, is concerned with the colonization of these three things, in the New World.
What are language, memories, and space?
500
This series of treaties, signed in the German towns of Osnabruck and Munster, ended the Thirty Years' War and takes its name from the German region in which the towns lie.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
500
This Renaissance humanist was convicted of treason and executed for opposing Henry VIII's split from the Catholic Church.