Amendments
Provides for the freedom of speech and religion among other things
What is the first amendment?
evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.
What is the exclusionary rule?
shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior within police departments
What is police subculture?
Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court have this authority
What is appellate?
earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them
What is first appearance?
Prohibits the illegal search and seizure against citizens
What is the 4th amendment?
U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule
What is Weeks v US?
two key elements are misuse of authority and personal gain
What is police corruption?
the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts.
What is original jurisdiction?
permits release of an offender on the basis of a written promise to appear in court
What is release on recognizance?
Prohibits the use of excessive fines and bail
What is the 8th amendment?
allows appellate courts to review the record of a lower court case
What is a writ of certiorari?
the branch tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the police department
What is Internal Affairs?
the trial courts for the Federal Court system
What are the US District Courts?
determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant is its primary purpose
What is the criminal trial?
Extends the constitutional amendments to the states
What is the 14th amendment?
legal principle states that any evidence that is later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is excluded from trial
What is fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine?
special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work
What is police ethics?
U.S. Supreme Court case established the Court’s as the final interpreter of the U.S. Constitution
What is Marbury v Madison?
evidence that requires interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates
What is circumstantial?
What is the 5th amendment?
a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime
What is probable cause?
the application of more force than is required to compel compliance from a suspect.
What is excessive force?
holds ultimate authority in the courtroom
Who is the judge?
The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial
What is beyond a reasonable doubt?