Intro to Bio
The Cell and its functions
DNA/Protein Syn.
Genetics
Evolution
100

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

100
What organelle contains the DNA?

The nucleus

100

What structure is DNA?

A double helix

100

Who is the father of Genetics?

Gregor Mendel

100

Who is considered the Father of Evolution?

Charles Darwin

200

What are the steps to the scientific method?

Observation

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Hypothesis

Experiment

Data Analysis

Conclusion

200

What are the types of movement across the cellular membrane?

Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

200

What are the base pairs of DNA?

Adenine-Thymine

Guanine- Cytosine

200

What are the phases of cell cycle?

G1-S-G2-Mitosis( Prophase,Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)-Cytokinesis.

G1-G2 all occurs during Interphase.

200

What was Darwin's famous saying and what was the type of animal that supported it and was associated with Darwin?

Survival of the fittest

Darwin's finches

300

What are the characteristics of life?

cellular organization, reproduction, growth and development, respond to stimuli, homeostasis and adaptation

300

This structure stores water and is more prominent in a plant cell.

What is the vacuole?


300

What is the name of the enzyme that splits DNA so that replication can occur?

DNA helicase

300

What happens during each of the phases: Prophase through Telophase?  Major changes.

Prophase- DNA condenses into chromosomes

Metaphase- Chromosomes line up at center of the cell.

Anaphase- chromosomes separate and move to either end of the cell.

Telophase- nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes unwind- cell cytoplasm begins to divide

300

What is the difference between homologous structures, analogous structures and vestigial structures?

Homologous- share physical features -different function but have a common ancestor

Analogous- similar anatomical features with similar functions but not common ancestor

Vestigial- structures with no apparent function (remnants of the past)

400

What are the variables that need to be present in an experiment? Define them.

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Control variable

400

This organelle digests food and old cell parts.

What is a lysosome?

400

What are the two major steps of protein synthesis?

Translation and Transcription

400

What process creates gametes for reproduction?Give and overview.

Meiosis

Basically it is cells going through mitosis twice but there is crossing over of the chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity and then at the end 4 haploid cells are formed.

400

Name the three types of relationships that have occurred due to evolution between species.

Mutualism- both benefit

Commensalism- one benefits

Parasitism- one benefits and one is harmed

Predation- one feeds and the other is prey

500

What are the four main macromolecules and their composition?

Lipids- CHO- glycerol and fatty acids

Saturated and unsaturated

Proteins- CHON- amino acids and peptide bonds

Carbohydrates- CHO- ring structures- glucose/starch

Nucleic Acids- CHONP- DNA/RNA- purines and pyrimidines (A,T,C, G and U)


500

The protein making site of the cell.

Ribosome

500

What are the roles of the different RNAs in protein synthesis?

mRNA- delivers the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

rRNA- reads the code

tRNA- delivers the amino acids to the ribosome

500

What are alleles?  What do the following mean?

C-curly hair    c-straight hair

CC, Cc, cc

Cross a Cc with a cc and what do you get?

Alleles are different forms of a gene.

CC- homozygous dominant

Cc-heterozygous

cc- homozygous recessive

Draw a Punnett square- 50% Cc  and 50%cc

500

How do biogeography, embryology and DNA show common ancestory?

biogeography-find animals with common features in different places but line up with Pangea

embryology- early stages of development show similar structures in different species

DNA-similarity in DNA sequences in different species