Intro to Bio
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
The nucleus
What structure is DNA?
A double helix
Who is the father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Who is considered the Father of Evolution?
Charles Darwin
What are the steps to the scientific method?
Observation
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Hypothesis
Experiment
Data Analysis
Conclusion
What are the types of movement across the cellular membrane?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
What are the base pairs of DNA?
Adenine-Thymine
Guanine- Cytosine
What are the phases of cell cycle?
G1-S-G2-Mitosis( Prophase,Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)-Cytokinesis.
G1-G2 all occurs during Interphase.
What was Darwin's famous saying and what was the type of animal that supported it and was associated with Darwin?
Survival of the fittest
Darwin's finches
What are the characteristics of life?
cellular organization, reproduction, growth and development, respond to stimuli, homeostasis and adaptation
This structure stores water and is more prominent in a plant cell.
What is the vacuole?
What is the name of the enzyme that splits DNA so that replication can occur?
DNA helicase
What happens during each of the phases: Prophase through Telophase? Major changes.
Prophase- DNA condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up at center of the cell.
Anaphase- chromosomes separate and move to either end of the cell.
Telophase- nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes unwind- cell cytoplasm begins to divide
What is the difference between homologous structures, analogous structures and vestigial structures?
Homologous- share physical features -different function but have a common ancestor
Analogous- similar anatomical features with similar functions but not common ancestor
Vestigial- structures with no apparent function (remnants of the past)
What are the variables that need to be present in an experiment? Define them.
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Control variable
This organelle digests food and old cell parts.
What is a lysosome?
What are the two major steps of protein synthesis?
Translation and Transcription
What process creates gametes for reproduction?Give and overview.
Meiosis
Basically it is cells going through mitosis twice but there is crossing over of the chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity and then at the end 4 haploid cells are formed.
Name the three types of relationships that have occurred due to evolution between species.
Mutualism- both benefit
Commensalism- one benefits
Parasitism- one benefits and one is harmed
Predation- one feeds and the other is prey
What are the four main macromolecules and their composition?
Lipids- CHO- glycerol and fatty acids
Saturated and unsaturated
Proteins- CHON- amino acids and peptide bonds
Carbohydrates- CHO- ring structures- glucose/starch
Nucleic Acids- CHONP- DNA/RNA- purines and pyrimidines (A,T,C, G and U)
The protein making site of the cell.
Ribosome
What are the roles of the different RNAs in protein synthesis?
mRNA- delivers the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
rRNA- reads the code
tRNA- delivers the amino acids to the ribosome
What are alleles? What do the following mean?
C-curly hair c-straight hair
CC, Cc, cc
Cross a Cc with a cc and what do you get?
Alleles are different forms of a gene.
CC- homozygous dominant
Cc-heterozygous
cc- homozygous recessive
Draw a Punnett square- 50% Cc and 50%cc
How do biogeography, embryology and DNA show common ancestory?
biogeography-find animals with common features in different places but line up with Pangea
embryology- early stages of development show similar structures in different species
DNA-similarity in DNA sequences in different species