Terminology I
An ideology that considers society to be separated into two homogeneous and antagonistic groups, "the pure people" versus "the corrupt elite", and which argues that politics should be an expression of the volonté générale (general will) of the people.
What is populism?
Individuals use cost benefits calculations to choose their actions.
What is rationalist lens?
Two or more countries are very similar but they have different outcomes on the dependent variable.
What is Most Similar Systems design?
The term to describe the conditions or range of cases for which an argument works
What are scope conditions?
In hypothesis testing, the effect or outcome that we expect to be acted on (or have its value altered) by the independent variable.
What is dependent variable?
A critical juncture in which broad political changes in the 19th century in politics led to the formation of nation-states and the democratization and secularization of political systems.
What is national revolution?
Countries that have a more familialized welfare regime are more likely to have lower fertility rates.
What is structuralist lens?
A qualitative method that traces changes over time in one case.
What is within-case comparison?
Type of critique: This research can't explain why populism occurs if it only looks at countries that experienced populism. It needs to include some cases that do not have populism.
What is methodological critique?
A type of regime in which decision-makers are selected based on their expertise in a given area of responsibility, particularly with regard to scientific or technical knowledge.
What is technocracy?
Lines of division within a given society, produced by socio-demographic factors such as class, region, ethnicity and age
What are social cleavages?
Postmaterialist values that prioritize self expression can lead to more protest activity and peaceful contention.
What is culturalist lens?
This indicator measures level of democracy in regimes in terms of 470 indicators and five different high-level indexes: electoral, liberal, deliberative, equality, and participatory.
What is Varieties of Democracy?
Type of critique that says the operationalization of variables was invalid.
What is a methodological critique?
A theory that sees European integration as driven by the interests and actions of European nation-states. It is in the realist school in international relations.
What is intergovernmentalism?
A process where a parliamentary system experiences increasingly leadership-centered electoral processes and prime ministers develop increased leadership power resources and autonomy within the party and the political executive.
What is presidentialization?
External actors can fund and support political parties that promote that external actor's preferred values and policy positions.
What is rationalist lens?
A statistical analysis examines survey data drawn from interviews with 1,200 people who participated in the Extinction Rebellion protests.
What is large-n quantitative design?
Type of critique: The elites model only accurately predicts about 15-30% of the cases of elite-led democratization. The rest were due to elite mistakes.
What is empirical critique?
The obligation to explain, justify, and take responsibility for one's actions.
What is accountability?
A conservative welfare system that aims to familialize social services. This system distributes welfare benefits with a corporatist logic based on social status (occupation, social class, gender).
What is Continental welfare regime?
Economic modernization causes a service sector economy to develop, which leads to cultural values change.
What is structuralist lens?
A research design in which we compare cases that differ with respect to multiple factors but in which the outcome is the same.
What is Most Different Systems?
Type of critique: The dependent variable needs a stronger conceptual definition. If we don't know what it is, then we won't be able to properly study it.
What is theoretical critique?
Parties on the center-right that tend to favor a mixed economy while promoting traditional "value" issues. They formed from a political cleavage that developed from the national revolution critical juncture.
What are Christian Democrats?