Brooks
Hypothesized point at which computer intelligence exceeds that of humans, which leads to computers applying their own intelligence to improving themselves
What is the Singularity?
With this stance, we use the laws of nature (physics, chemistry, etc.) to predict how a system will behave.
What is the Physical Stance?
An event of type A causes an event of type B, which in turn causes events of type A, which in turn causes events of type B.
What is a Feedback Loop?
Beliefs aim to fit the world; Desires aim to fit the world to them.
What is Direction of Fit?
According to Pessoa, this is a property that is observed when multiple elements interact that is not present at the level of the elements.
What is Emergence?
Having a computer that has the full range of intellectual capabilities that a person has at or above the same level as a typical person.
What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?
With this stance, we attribute mental states to entities–such as belief and desires–and then use a common sense theory of these mental states to predict how the entity will behave.
What is the Intentional Stance?
Processes considered effortless, nonconscious, involuntary, or possibly obligatory.
What is Automaticity?
According to Alison Gopnik, language, libraries, and LLMs are all this, meaning they are ways to pass on information to future generations.
What is Cultural Technology?
Acoording to Ruha Benjamin, these are generally considered a fleeting interruption of an otherwise benign system, not an enduring and constitutive feature of social life.
What are Glitches?
At times ChatGPT can do amazing things. However, its prone to "hallucinations," highlighting this distinction discussed by Chomsky and Brooks.
What is Performance vs. Competence?
With this stance, we predict behavior based on our understanding of the purpose that a system is supposed to fulfill.
What is the Design Stance?
The evaluation of an internal or external stimulus.
What is Appraisal?
This can be thought of in two ways: how we look at the world or something used to control people.
What is Ideology?
A form of AI specifically designed to be focused on a narrow task and to seem very intelligent at it.
What is Weak AI?
Artificial Intelligence based machines get really good at execution of tasks, so much so that they are super human at getting things done in a complex world, but they do not share human values which leads to problems.
What is Misaligned Values?
This stance added by Professor Swanson uses what an entity fears, trusts, hates, etc. to predict behavior.
What is the Emotional Stance?
When a conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus to which it was paired in the past, the CS gradually stops eliciting the conditioned response.
What is Extinction Learning?
Golnaz Tabibnia and Dan Radecki write about how exposure to stress and fear helps build this.
What is Resilience?
This is the the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken in response to activity.
What is Synaptic Plasticity?
Physical and market limitations prevent technology from growing at the same speed forever, disproving this idea.
What is Exponentialism?
This person came up with the stances, or different kinds of explanations that are available to us when we try to explain the processes changing our world.
Who is Daniel Dennett?
If a habitual action is uncalled for, it should be possible to exercise this to recalibrate it, modify it, or call it off completely.
What is Cognitive Control?
1. A robot may not injure a human or, through inaction, allow a human to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given by humans, except when they would conflict with the First law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as this does not conflict with the First or Second laws.
What are Asimov's Laws?
This framework for ethical AI focuses on three key concepts: accountability, responsibility, and transparency.
What are the Asilomar Principles?