Psychology Definitions
Heuristic
What are rules-of-thumb that can be applied to guide decision-making based on a more limited subset of the available information?
Define Hypothesis
What is a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation? [Educated Guess]
Example of a non-experimental design
What is a correlational study (or design)?
Define Ethics
What is the study of what you should do?
2 Types of Research
What is Basic & Applied?
Hindsight Bias
What is the knew-it-all-along phenomenon?
Two Types of Hypotheses in Research
Research that occurs over a long time period
What is longitudinal research?
Name one unethical study you learned about
What is Tuskegee experiments, Stanford Prison Experiments, Baby Albert... ?
What does psychology mean
Peer Review
What is literary work examined by scientific experts
in the field and deemed to be valid?
Define Independent Variable
What is variable that influences the
dependent variable; controlled and manipulated?
Copying someone else's idea or work without credit
What is plagerism?
Define Beneficence
What is to whom and why we are benefiting others (with our research)?
Define Dependent Variable
What is a variable measured in association with changes in the IV?
[changes in DV that covary with changes in IV, suggest that IV affects the DV. ]
Variable
What is elements you expect to change or vary, or that can take on different values?
H(a)= Is June hotter than July?
One or two tailed hypothesis
What is a one-tailed hypothesis?
Group 1: Anna, Doug, Eliza
Group 2: Anna, Doug, Eliza
Between or Within Design
What is within design?
Type of IRB status that poses no threat or harm towards anyone and includes very little deception (most research you will do in college)
What is an exempt IRB status?
2 Characteristics of a Good Scientist
creative, objective, communicative, open-minded, empirical
Barnum Effect
a vague and overly general hypothesis will always
apply.
H(?) = there is no difference between cat weight and dog weight
One or two tailed hypothesis
What is a null two-tailed hypothesis?
Explanatory/Predictor Variable
What is potential causal variable; the variable typically precedes the criterion variable.
The view that puts the goals and needs of the greater good over the individual
What is utilitarianism?
What is required in every research study?
What is informed consent?