Neuroanatomy (Ch1) and Neurochemistry (Ch4)
To view the brain from above
What is dorsal?
A photoreceptor that has high spatial acuity
What is a cone?
These neurons innervate skeletal muscle fibres
What are lower (alpha) motor neurons?
Neurons responsible for generating directional oculomotor commands
What are local circuit neurons?
A disorder known as face blindness
What is prosopagnosia?
The cells that support the activity of neurons but do not themselves participate in electrical signalling
What are glial cells?
A type of bipolar cell that hyperpolarises when light is shone on the centre of its receptive field
What is an OFF-centre bipolar cell?
A reflex in the leg that occurs due to direct sensory/proprioceptive feedback from muscle spindles
What is the patellar tendon (knee-jerk) reflex?
Overloading photoreceptors with ongoing stimulation leads to this phenomenon
What is retinal adaptation?
A region of the frontal lobe that mediates decision making and planning
What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
A channel that becomes inactive during the overshoot phase of the action potential
What is a Na+ voltage-gated channel?
When light rays are focused in front of the retina
What is myopia?
The spinal tract that is damaged if a patient loses the ability to move their proximal limb muscles
What is the ventral (or anterior) corticospinal tract?
When the eye is adducted, this muscle is primarily responsible for depressing the eye
What is the superior oblique?
Neural imaging studies have demonstrated these regions are active when participants perform selective attention tasks in the right visual field
What are the left and right parietal lobes?
The slow opening of K+ voltage-gated channels during depolarisation allows for this type of current
What is a late outward current?
Damage to this central target results in a loss of vision in the superior portion of the contralateral visual field
What is Meyers Loop?
Neurons in M1 are not coded for individual muscles. What do they represent?
Movement representation
A reflex that is limited to slow rotational movements (<1 Hz)
What is the optokinetic reflex?
Contrived or inappropriate words are characteristic of this type of aphasia
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
A recording technique that is optimal for studying how channel activity is influenced by extracellular chemical signals
What is outside-out recording?
Neurons in V1 have slightly shifted receptive fields and orientation selectivity if they are organised in this type of column
What is adjacent?
A monkey performs a visually guided delay reaching task. At which phase are neurons in the premotor cortex least active?
Movement period
A multisensory midbrain structure that coordinates head and eye movements towards targets
What is the superior colliculus?
Split brain patients suggest the emotional colouring of language is limited to this hemisphere
What is the right hemisphere?