Show:
Factorials.
Dependent Designs.
Chi-Square
Review.
Pop Quiz.
100
What is a factorial design?
What is an experiment with 2 or more IVs.
100
what differentiates dependent designs from other experiments? *hint: it has to do with the participants.
What is there is a relationship between the participants in the different groups.
100
what are the two types of Chi-Squares? describe each.
What is 1. Chi-Square Goodness of fit: Compares the observed values (#s that we have) to the expected values. 2. Chi-square test for independence: see if two variables are related to each other (independent/dependent).
100
Define Power.
What is the ability to detect significant findings (a difference). *bonus 100 points: how can you increase power?
100
I found a research article with a methods section that outlines research done by the authors of the article. Is this a primary or non-primary article?
What is a primary research article.
200
How many hypotheses are needed for a 2x2 factorial?
What is 3 hypotheses.
200
When do you use a dependent-samples ANOVA instead of a dependent-samples t-test?
What is when there are two or more dependent groups.
200
Give an example of a null and alternative hypotheses for a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit test involving the 50-50 chances of getting heads vs. tails when tossing a coin.
What is Ho: The coin toss will not deviate significantly from normal (50/50). H1: The occurrence of heads (tails) is more frequent than tails (heads).
200
Explain the difference between a Type 1 and Type 2 error?
What is a Type 1 error occurs when one rejects the null hypothesis, but is mistaken and a Type 2 error occurs when one fails to reject the null, but is mistaken.
200
Judy is doing a survey about quality of service at Starbucks. She has each participant rank their experience on a scale of 1-10. what scale of measurement does this question use?
What is interval.
300
When we graph 2x2 factorials, what does it mean when the lines are parallel? when they are not parallel?
What is parallel lines suggest the lack of an interaction and not parallel lines suggests that there is an interaction effect.
300
What are the four types of dependent designs? explain each.
What is 1. matched design: when a matching variable related to the DV is used. 2. repeated measures design: participants experience every level of the IV. 3. mixed factorial [and/or]: participants are exposed to both levels of 1 IV, and 1 of the other. 4. [And/and]: participants are exposed to both levels of both IVs.
300
You are conducting a Chi-Square Test for Independence that examines the relationship between soda preference and age for soda drinkers. What would the hypotheses be?
What is Ho: For soda drinkers, preference is independent of age. Ha: For soda drinkers, there is a relationship between preference and age.
300
Define internal and external validity. Name one way to increase external validity.
What is internal validity is the extent to which one can control the confounds in a study. external validity is the extent to which your study is generalizable to the real world. ways to increase: making it more realistic, having a diverse/representative sample.
300
Mary administers a survey to her Psych 100 class to try measure their levels of test anxiety. After collecting the surveys, Mary's professor asks whether the questions on the survey accurately measure test anxiety. What type of validity is her professor concerned with?
What is construct validity.
400
You are 2x2 factorial that looks at preference of age: adult or baby, and weight: skinny or chubby. Give examples of each of your hypotheses.
What is 1. People will prefer adults (babies) over babies (adults). 2. People will prefer skinny (chubby) individuals over chubby (skinny) individuals. 3. The effects of variable A depend on the level of variable B and vice versa.
400
What is included in the results for a dependent-samples t test?
What is the type of analysis conducted, variables examined, comparison of the mean and sd for each group, an a statement about the statistical significance of the difference.
400
List three of the four assumptions made when conducting a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit.
What is random sample, dealing with nominal variables, observations are independent of each other, expected values are at least five.
400
Name five ethical issues for all designs.
What is participants > 18 or parental consent, ensure well-fare of participants, provide results, participants can drop out at any time, outline risks and do no (minimal) harm, anonymity, debriefing, disclose as much information as possible.
400
On the first day of the semester Joanne gave her Calculus class the final exam for the course to complete in class. On the last day of school she re-administered the test to see if the students learned anything during the course. What type of reliability would best describe this process?
What is test-retest reliability.
500
What is the crossover effect?
What is the effect of one variable for one condition is the opposite of the other effect for the other condition. *bonus 100 points: make up an example of this in an experiment.
500
What would be included in the results section for a dependent-samples ANOVA?
What is the type of analysis, the variables (be sure to specify matched groups or repeated measures), compare means and sd for the groups, results of the F test and eta^2, if F is significant, include information about follow-up within samples t test (indicate more stringent p value), report the results of this test.
500
What would be included in the results section of a Chi-Square Test of Independence?
What is the analysis conducted, variables examined, if there was significant interaction, results of the chi-square test of independence (including phi squared), if the X^2 is significant: explain results by referring to counts or frequencies from the groups.
500
What belongs in the methods section of a report? Describe each subsection.
What is participants: includes the descriptive stats about the participants (characteristics, age, gender). materials [measures]: describe everything the participants come into contact with. *operational definition(s)*. procedure: step by step guide of what your participants endure during the study (starting with consent form, ending with debriefing).
500
Cindy is conducting an experiment to look how location and format of test affect test anxiety. Participants are randomly assigned to take the test inside or outside. They then take both versions of the test (one with mostly pictures, one with mostly essay questions). What kind of design is Cindy using? What type of analysis would she use?
What is a mixed factorial [OR/AND]. She would use a dependent-samples ANOVA.