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Popes
Heresy
Emperors
Consecrated Life
History
100
The pope who called the Second Vatican Council.
Who is Pope John XXIII (Angelo Roncalli)?
100
This man preached that there are two gods: an evil god of matter and the Old Testament, and the good god of the spirit (non-material) who is Jesus of the New Testament. This man taught that the body is evil but the spirit is good.
Who is Marcion? (gnosticism)
100
This emperor legalized Christianity in the Roman empire in 313 AD with the Edict of Milan.
Who is Constantine?
100
This Egyptian hermit is credited with the founding of the monastic tradition around the 4th century AD.
Who is Anthony of Egypt?
100
The marks of the Church (one, holy, catholic, apostolic) are found in the Nicene Creed. The Nicene Creed is the summary of Christian beliefs developed at this ecumenical council.
What is the Council of Nicaea?
200
Jorge Bergoglio S.J., son of Italian immigrants to Argentina and now pope.
Who is Pope Francis?
200
This priest from Alexandria (Egypt) taught that 'there was a time when the Word was not'. In other words, this priest taught that Jesus is not God but a special creation/creature of God. This priest was corrected by the bishop of Alexandria, named Athanasius.
Who is Arius?
200
This emperor used Christians in Rome as 'scapegoat' after a huge fire destroyed the city. This set the stage for the next 200 years of persecution of Christians.
Who is Nero?
200
These are the 'evangelical counsels'. They are the principles that guided the first apostolic communities, therefore they provided the basis for the 4th century effort to return to radical Christian life (now that persecution was a thing of the past).
What are POVERTY, CHASTITY, and OBEDIENCE?
200
This apologist wrote to the emperor in defense of Christianity. Although he made a strong case that being Christian works for Rome (it makes people good citizens), this apologist was martyred in the 2nd century AD.
Who is Justin (martyr)?
300
The pope who called the first crusade.
Who is Pope Urban II?
300
This North African 'bishop' taught that the sacraments of priests and bishops are invalid if those ministers had denied Christ to save their own lives during the Christian persecutions. This man was confronted by St. Augustine, who taught that what makes sacraments holy is God's action through the minister, NOT the minister himself.
Who is Donatus? (Donatism)
300
This emperor initiated the policy of testing all people in Rome by forcing them to sacrifice to the Roman gods. If a person completed the sacrifice, she or he was issued a 'libellus', verifying their status as a law-abiding Roman and making them immune to persecution. Those without a 'libellus' could be killed at any time. Christians were singled out in this way to be broadly exterminated.
Who is Decius?
300
This Italian man founded a mendicant order committed to relying on and conforming to Christ through radical impoverishment and dependency. He largely ignored intellectual progress and cultivation (i.e. school).
Who is Francis of Assisi?
300
This was the 16th century ecumenical council called in response to Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation.
What is the Council of Trent?
400
The pope who excommunicated Patriarch Michael Cerularius, thereby morning the Great Schism (the divorce of the Eastern (Orthodox) churches from with Western (Catholic) church)
Who is Pope Leo IX?
400
This pope corrected the heresy of monophysitism. This pope explained that Jesus is one person with two natures.
Who is Pope Leo I?
400
This emperor made it a priority for the Roman government to burn sacred Christian books and destroy Christian churches.
Who is Diocletian?
400
This Spaniard founded the mendicant order known as the 'Order of Preachers'. His community was founded around the mission of correcting heretical teachers and bringing them back to an orthodox truth. He heavily emphasized education and intellectual progress.
Who is Dominic?
400
This Maryland-born man was a Jesuit (member of the Society of Jesus) and the first archbishop of the United States.
Who is John Carroll?
500
The pope who finished the Second Vatican Council after Pope John XXIII died in 1963
Who is Pope Paul VI (Giovanni Montini) ?
500
This Augustinian monk taught (a) that the only source of divine revelation is scripture and (b) that faith alone is relevant to salvation.
Who is Martin Luther?
500
This emperor took things too far in a new and opposite direction. He began persecuting all pagans, because Christianity, under his reign, became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
Who is Theodosius?
500
This Irish monk converted entire European tribes to Christianity and founded monasteries, in the Irish style, across continental Europe.
Who is Columban?
500
This Italian term means 'bringing up to date' and was used to describe the cumulative effect (or net impact) of the Second Vatican Council.
What is 'aggiornamento'?