Histo
What is the main WBC in a healthy dog, cat, horse, and cow? What is the terminology for the RBC formation of a horse?
Neutrophil, Neutrophil, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte
Rouleaux formation
The paranasal sinuses consist of the paired _______ _________ and ______________ ___________. Name the more rostral strucutre first
maxillary recess and frontal sinus.
What is in the carotid sheath?
common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, thoracic duct, internal jugular vein
Is the nasal cavity derived from ectoderm, endoderm, or mesoderm? Sensory to the nasal mucosa within the naval cavity is what cranial nerve?
ectoderm, trigeminal
incisive, palatine, maxillae
Valves are covered on all surfaces by _________ between them which is _____________.
endothelium, connective tissue.
What are the 5 compartments that should be analyzed when viewing a thoracic radiograph (that were specified in imaging lab)?
thoracic boundaries/cavity, lungs, mediastinum, cardiac sillouette, plural cavity
Name the 3 major tarsal flexors
Cranial tibial, fibularis longus, long digital extensor
Bufford was brutally attacked by lebron pork during a 1v1 game of basketball. Based on the following symptoms name the 3 most likely dammaged given the folllwing symptoms:
loss of ability to hold jaw shut
resiting nystagmus
exopthalmos
5, 8, 6
What are the 4 components we learened that are intrinsic inervation to the heart? State them in order from the genetration of an electric impulse
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers
Lebron Pork's sweat glands in his nasal planum are working overtime. Name the layers of the epidermis on his nasal planum from superficial to deep. Name the type of sweat gland this is and what mode of secretion it does.
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
atrichial - meocrine
To diagnose elbow arthritis you would look to identify ____________ at osteocondral junctions on a radiograph. Name the 3 locations of the osteocondral junctions you would look at on a radiographs to make this diagnosis.
osteophytes
proximal margin of anconeal process, cranial aspect of radius head, trochlear notch
___________ is the artery that diverges off common carotid when the common carotid becomes the external carotid. The external carotid terminates at ____________ and __________________ artery.
internal carotid, maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery
What side to congenital diaphragmatic hernias more commonly occur on and why
Left side, the left peritoneal-pericardium canal is larger than the right and so it takes longer to close via fusing with the septum transversum
This test checks for a reflexive blink in response to sudden bright light. Name the test, the cranial nerves involved, and the muscle that contracts
dazzle reflex test
Afferent: CN II (optic nerve)
Efferent: CN VII (facial nerve)
Muscle: Orbicularis oculi
Name the 3 layers of the tear film from superficial to deep and name to cells/glands that contribute to them. Name the structure that imediatley drains tears produced.
Lipid - tarsal glands, meibomian glands
Aqueous - lacrimal glands, gland of third eyelid
Mucin - conjuctival goblet cells
Nasolacrimal drain aparatus
What lung lobe almost completley summates with the heart on a LAT radiograph? What structures make the boundary of this lobe on a LAT radiograph?
right-middle. Cranial vena cava, heart, diaphragm
What muscles make up the calcaneal tendon? (SOI only)
gracilis, gastrocnemius, supericial digital flexor, biceps femoris, semitendinosus
Name the 3 major cell types that make up a developing embryo.
Which is highly polarized?
Which plays a role in connective tissue formation?
epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, endothelial (blood) cells
Name the position of the manus realative to the ground that describes John pork and that describes Bufford.
unguligrade, digitigrade
In 5 words, name the 5 different primary functions of the integument. Specfic from the notes
protection, structural, metabolic, immunologic, photoprotective
What gland is responsible for evaporative heat exchange during panting? What canal is imediatley lateral to this gland and what canal is imediatley dorso-lateral to this gland ?
lateral nasal gland, infraorbital canal, nasolacrimal canal
In the cecum what orifice does a dog have but not a cat? What cecum orifice do neither dogs nor cats have but a horse has?
Dogs have a cecocolic orifice and cats do not. Horses have a ilocecal orifice.
Describe what happens with aortic arch left and right 1-6 (not 5th) and the 7th intersegmental artery become in the adult.
1st and 2nd degrade, 3rd become carotids, 4th left becomes aorta, 4th right degrade, right 6th becomes pulmonary trunk left 6th becomes ductus arteriosus. 7th becomes subclavians
Within the pancrease synthesis and secretion of the digestive enzymes occurs within _______ at the end of each ductule. Endocrine function occurs in _________.
acini cells, islets of langerhans