Le Chatelier’s Principle/Ocean Acidification/Antacid Neutralization Rxns
What does Le Chatelier’s Principle say will happen if a system at equilibrium is disturbed?
It will shift to counteract the change and restore equilibrium.
What is the pH range of acids, and what is the pH range of bases?
Acids have a pH less than 7, and bases have a pH greater than 7.
If 4.0 g of hydrogen gas (H₂) reacts with 28.0 g of nitrogen gas (N₂) to form ammonia (NH₃), which is the limiting reactant?
You have only 2 mol H₂ → Hydrogen is the limiting reactant
What is the molar mass of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO₃)₂?
Molar mass = 40.08 + 28.02 + 96.00 = 164.10 g/mol
What is the name of the compound with the formula MgCl₂?
Magnesium chloride
What happens to the pH of the ocean when more carbon dioxide dissolves into it?
The pH decreases, making the ocean more acidic.
If a solution has a pH of 3, is it acidic or basic, and what is its pOH?
It is acidic, and the pOH is 11 (because pH + pOH = 14).
How many grams of water (H₂O) are produced when 16 grams of methane (CH₄) are burned in excess oxygen?
36 grams of water are produced
Predict the products and write the balanced equation for the reaction:
BaCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→{BaCl}_2 (aq) + {Na}_2SO}_4 (aq) BaCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→?
BaCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→BaSO4(s)+2NaCl(aq)
What is the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate?
Formula: Al₂(SO₄)₃
If more reactants are added to a reaction at equilibrium, which direction will the reaction shift?
It will shift toward the products.
How does burning fossil fuels contribute to climate change?
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and warms the Earth.
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 5.00 grams of NaCl in 250 mL of water?
Molarity = 0.342 M
Will zinc (Zn) react with copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄)? If yes, write the products.
Zn(s)+CuSO4(aq)→ZnSO4(aq)+Cu(s)
Which type of intermolecular force is the strongest: London dispersion, dipole-dipole, or hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding is the strongest of the three.
What kind of substance is an antacid, and how does it help with heartburn?
An antacid is a base it neutralizes stomach acid to relieve heartburn.
What ion do acids release in water, and what ion do bases release?
Acids release H⁺ (hydrogen) ions, and bases release OH⁻ (hydroxide) ions.
In the reaction 2KClO3→2KCl+3O22 KClO}3 KCl + 3{O}_22KClO3→2KCl+3O2, what is the mole ratio of potassium chlorate (KClO₃) to oxygen (O₂)?
Mole ratio is 2:3 (KClO₃:O₂)
Classify this reaction:
2H2+O2→2H2O2H_2 + O_2 -> 2H_2O2H2+O2→2H2O
Reaction type: Synthesis
Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is bonded to which three highly electronegative elements?
Fluorine (F), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N)
Why is ocean acidification harmful to marine animals like coral and shellfish?
It makes it harder for them to build and maintain their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons.
How does climate change lead to ocean acidification?
Extra CO₂ from the atmosphere dissolves in ocean water, forming carbonic acid, which lowers the ocean’s pH and makes it more acidic.
What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration [H+][H^+][H+] of 1.0×10−41.0 \times 10^{-4}1.0×10−4 M?
The pH is 4 (acidic solution)
Balance this equation:
Al+HCl→AlCl3+H2{Al} + \{HCL} {AlCl}_3 + \{H}_2Al+HCl→AlCl3+H2
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
Why does water (H₂O) have a higher boiling point than methane (CH₄), even though they have similar molar masses?
Because water forms hydrogen bonds, which are stronger intermolecular forces than the London dispersion forces in methane.