UNIT 1
Cohesion
The Gibbs free energy equation is:
(delta)G = (delta)H - T(delta)S
A colorblind woman and normal-vision male have children. What percentage of their children will be carriers?
Can a small population that exhibits random mating but no natural selection or gene flow be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No, it must be a large population.
What organelles compartmentalize hydrolytic enzymes?
Lysosomes
Identify the following functional groups:
List the energy inputs and outputs and end product of glycolysis.
What will be the resulting gametes of a nondisjunction in anaphase I.
n+1, n+1, n-1, n-1
This theory is attributed to Georges Cuvier
Catastrophism
What is the input molecule for the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA
Denaturation of a protein results in the breaking of hydrogen bonds. What level of protein structure will this most effect?
Secondary.
When are hydrogen ions pumped for use by ATP synthase in photosynthesis?
The ETC between PSII and PSI
DNA Pol III; 5'-3'
Nuclear war breaks out and the gene pool and population are drastically reduced. This is an example of what?
The bottleneck effect
A plant infection causes increased permeability of the thylakoid membrane. How will the pH of the thylakoid space be affected?
The pH will increase.
Insulin is a protein that is secreted out of the cell. Where is this protein most likely formed?
Bound ribosomes on the ER.
Assuming mitosis had just been completed in a cell, list the phases of the cell cycle in order (including the stages of M-phase).
G1, S, G2, M(prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase/cytokinesis)
List the three post transcriptional mRNA modifications.
1. 5' modified nucleotide cap
2. 3' poly-A tail
3. Introns are spliced out by spliceosomes
Although they have different functionality, human eyes share ancestry with light receptors of the deep-sea chimera. What type of evolution an structure is this?
Divergent evolution; homologous structures
Below is an mRNA strand. What is the associated coding strand?
5'-AAUUAUGGCU-3'
5'-AATTATGGCT-3'
The Na+/K+ ATPase pumps (number+type) molecules in the cell and (number+type) molecules out of the cell. This keeps the inside of the cell __________ charged compared to the outside of the cell.
An organism has a disease in which cohesins are unusually difficult to degrade. What stages of meiosis will be most effected?
Anaphase I and II
This type of phage can reproduce with a prophage.
Temperate phage
A population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has a recessive allele frequency of 0.2. What is the frequency of the dominant phenotype?
0.96
A disease works by excessive histone acetylation. How does this affect transcription?
An excessive increase in transcription.