Foundational Knowledge
What are the four functions of behavior?
SEAT: Sensory (automatic reinforcement); Escape (avoidance); Attention; Tangibles (access)
What types of measurement are included in continuous measurement procedures?
Count, Frequency, Rate, Duration, IRT, Latency
How do stimulus prompts differ from response prompts? Name some stimulus/response prompts.
Stimulus prompts act on the stimuli instead of on the response (or the client).
Stimulus: Visual, positional, sequential, textual, tactile, gestural
Response: full/partial physical, full/partial verbal, model
What is shaping?
Teaching new behavior by differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward the behavioral objective. Start at their current level and move the criteria up as you go, only reinforcing the current level.
An RBT is instructed to put their clients yelling behavior on extinction. What should the RBT be prepared for following the initial stages of extinction?
Extinction burst! An increase in the problem behavior following an extinction procedure (removing reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior)
Spontaneous recovery: occurrences of the problem behavior after it has been extinguished
When Sue has a headache, she takes an advil. In the future, Sue takes an advil whenever she has a headache. What type of consequence is this?
Negative reinforcement. RELIEF from a headache.
What is a permanent product? Give examples.
Measuring behavior after it has occurred by measuring the effects that the behavior produced on the environment.
Examples: completing a worksheet, homework, building a snowman, washing the dishes/laundry, completing a puzzle, etc.
What is stimulus control transfer?
A response that is elicited from an SD and prompt that is faded so that only the SD has the control.
[a child is taught that the word CAT says cat with a picture of a cat in the background (visual prompt). We will gradually fade out the photo until just the word CAT holds the control]
What are the different procedures in a Task Analysis?
Forward Chaining
Backward Chaining
Total Task Chaining
What are some other terms for problem behaviors?
Target behaviors, maladaptive behaviors, challenging behaviors.
Property destruction, stereotypy, aggression, Self-Injurious behavior (SIB), tantrums, inappropriate speech, etc.
George skipped lunch and is suddenly craving tacos, so he stops by his favorite taco shop for dinner. What motivating operation is in place? What would be his SD?
Establishing Operation: increase value in tacos in the moment (deprivation)
Evocative Effect: increase in his behavior of going to the taco shop and ordering food
SD: taco shop
What schedule of reinforcement is being used? Samantha is reinforcing her client on average every 15 minutes.
VI-15 minutes
Discrimination Training: When Tommy sees his friend at school, he can greet them by saying "hey", "hi", or "what's up". What is this an example of?
Response generalization
Name the 3 main preference assessment methods
2. Free Operant Observation (naturalistic or contrived)
3. Trial Based (Single Stimulus/Successive Choice, Paired/Forced Choice, Multiple Stimulus With and Without Replacement)
What components are included in a Behavior Support Plan (BSP)?
1. Operational Definition
2. Function of the behavior
3. Antecedent Strategies
4. Consequence Strategies
5. Reinforcement Strategies
Optional: positive programming and safety crisis intervention plan
What are the 5 verbal operants?
Mands, Tacts, Echoics, Intraverbals, Listener Responding
What are some examples of unconditioned reinforcement?
food, water, shelter, sexual stimulation, etc. Primary reinforcers that are required for life and are unlearned.
How do DTT and NET differ?
DTT is a structured, systematic, and repetitive instructional approach whereas NET uses naturally occurring incidences to turn into learning opportunities.
DTT=planned; NET= natural
What are the main components of a token economy?
1. Tokens (chips, stickers, stars, icons, etc)
2. Specified list of target behaviors to earn tokens
3. Backup reinforcers to avoid satiation
Which differential reinforcement procedure is being used?
Alex reinforces his client if he politely asks for more juice. Alex withholds reinforcement and places demanding or rude requests on extinction.
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA)
What is the Dead Man's Test?
If a dead man can do it, it is NOT a behavior.
Used to determine behavior
What type of discontinuous measurement records an occurrence of a behavior when it occurs for the entire interval?
whole interval recording
What is included in a skill acquisition plan?
Title: name of program
Presentation: DTT/NET
SD: instruction
Correct Response: how the learner should respond
Reinforcement: FR1 social praise, VR3 tangible
Error Correction: what to do if the learner responds incorrectly
Collecting ABC data, probing skills in the field, answering questions regarding patient's skill level
What are the stages of a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
1. Indirect Assessments (most broad)
2. Descriptive Assessments
3. Functional Analysis (most specific)