Organic Compounds
Study of the chemistry of carbon compounds
What is organic chemistry?
The chemistry of molecules found in living organisms.
What is biochemistry?
Lipids can be classified into these two main categories:
What are fatty acids and steroids?
The proteins in all living species are made up of the same set of 20 (blank).
What are amino acids?
These complex structures, consisting of DNA and proteins, contain the basic units of heredity.
What are genes?
These organic compounds only have carbon-carbon single bonds.
What are alkanes?
Carbohydrates are mainly formed by these atoms:
What are carbon, oxygen and hydrogen?
Humans must obtain these fatty acids from their diet.
What are essential fatty acids?
Structure equals (blank)
What is function?
A monomer unit that is linked together to form nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
This physical property of organic compounds increases with the length of the carbon chain. For example, the (blank) of octane is higher than for pentane.
What is the boiling point?
Classes of carbohydrates.
What are aldoses and ketoses?
Fats and oils are also called this name because they are esters made out of glycerol.
What is triglycerides?
Amino acids combine to form this type of bonds.
What are peptide bonds?
Two main types of nucleic acids.
What are DNA and RNA?
Organic compounds react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat in this type of reaction.
What is the combustion reaction?
This is the most abundant sugar found in nature.
What is glucose?
Soap is made by reacting fats and oils in the presence of a base. Name this reaction.
What is called saponification?
The two major structural classifications of proteins are:
What are fibrous and globular proteins?
These are the steps needed to form a protein.
What are replication, transcription and translation?
This type of organic compounds contain double bonds in their carbon chain.
What are unsaturated compounds?
This disaccharide is used widely and known as table sugar.
What is sucrose?
The membrane enclosing a typical animal cell is a (blank) bilayer with embedded (blank) and protein molecules.
What is phospholipid and cholesterol?
These are biological catalysts.
What are enzymes?
Any chemical or physical change that alters the nucleotide sequence in DNA is called a (blank).
What is a mutation?