The Evolution of
Psychology (Ch1)
Psychology (Ch1)
The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
What is clinical psychology?
A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
What is a hypothesis?
What are neurons?
A previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, now evokes a conditioned response.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Focusing one's awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events.
What is attention?
Founded by John B. Watson, the theory that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.
What is Behaviorism?
The subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.
What is the experimental group?
What the central nervous system is comprised of.
What are the the brain and spinal cord?
When a response is strengthened because it leads to rewarding consequences.
What is reinforcement?
The process of maintaining encoded information over time.
What is storage?
The theory that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for personal growth.
What is Humanism?
A procedure in which all subjects in a study have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition.
What is random assignment?
Internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effects.
What are endorphins?
An event following a response that weakens the tendency to make that response.
What is punishment?
A modular system for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
What is working memory?
Considered the founder of psychology, he established the first laboratory of psychological research in 1879.
Who is William Wundt?
A relationship that indicates two variables covary in opposite directions.
What is negative correlation?
The area of the brain that registers the sense of touch.
What is the parietal lobe?
You hurry and do your chores so that your mom will stop yelling at you.
What is negative reinforcement?
Occurs when participants' recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post-event information.
What is misinformation effect?
Developed by Sigmund Freud, the theory that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
What is psychoanalytic theory?
When a sample of participants is not representative of the population from which it was drawn.
What is sampling bias?
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
You take a snack with you on the field trip so you won't be hungry later.
What is avoidance learning?
Stimuli that help gain access to memories, such as hints, related information, or partial recollections.
What are retrieval cues?