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Epistemology
Metaphysics
Cosmology
Which of the Five Ways?
Anthropology
100

Ancient Greek thinker and student of Plato

Aristotle

100

One of the oldest philosophical problems in metaphysics and epistemology

The Problem of the One and the Many

100

That which is material in a being

matter

100

The First Way

Argues that since we observe things in the world changing or moving, there must be a "First Mover" (God) who initiated this motion, as nothing can move itself and a chain of movers cannot be infinite...

100

You have no free will; no moral agency

hard determinism

200

Catholic medieval thinker and member of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)

St. Thomas Aquinas

200

The long metaphor of what is real and what is not

The Allegory of the Cave

200

That which is invisible, essential in a living thing

form

200

The Second Way

  1. There is an efficient cause for everything; nothing can be the efficient cause of itself.
  2. It is not possible to regress to infinity in efficient causes.
200

Humans have total freedom of choice; free moral agency

libertarian free will

300

Theory that the senses are reliable for acquiring knowledge about the world around you

Moderate Realism
300

He believed that which is real is pure form apart from the physical, material world

Plato

300

A term that describes the relationship between matter and form

hylomorphism

300

The Third Way

Because we observe things coming into and going out of existence (contingent beings), there must exist a necessary being (God) which is not contingent and is the source of the existence of all contingent beings

300
Humans have free will, but conditions sometimes place restrictions on what we can freely do at any given moment

Catholic approach; moderate free will; compatibilism.

400
I think therefore I am 

Rene Descartes

400
He believed that all is being, all is one; change is an allusion

Parmenides

400

The matter of a human person

body (flesh, bones)

400

The Fourth Way

Since we observe varying degrees of goodness, truth, and nobility in things throughout the world, there must exist a being that is the ultimate source of all these perfections, which is God

400

Aquinas taught that the will always seeks the apparent...?

good

500

Desired to have mathematical certainty in epistemology; super skeptic and empiricist

David Hume
500

He believed that life is flux and change, only becoming; there is no such thing as 'one', only many

Heraclitus

500

The form of a human being

rational soul

500

The Fifth Way

argues that God must have given purpose to all natural beings. He observes that things without intelligence, like plants and animals, act in the same way to achieve the same end, unless acted upon by a different force

500

Why does the Catholic Church reject hard determinism?

Because we cannot place moral blame nor praise for actions