Pharmacology
This short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) is commonly used as a rescue inhaler.
What is albuterol (salbutamol)?
This muscle plays a key role in breathing by contracting to increase the thoracic cavity's volume.
What is the diaphragm?
This viral respiratory illness caused a global pandemic in 2020.
What is COVID-19?
The cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
What is the epiglottis?
The Nickelodeon series featuring a football-headed boy and his adventures in the city.
What is Hey Arnold!?
This part of the brainstem is the primary respiratory control center.
What is the medulla oblongata?
This law explains the inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas in a closed system.
What is Boyle’s law?
This condition is characterized by episodic airway narrowing and inflammation, often triggered by allergens or exercise.
What is asthma?
The partial pressure of oxygen is highest in this part of the body.
What are the alveoli?
This director is known for his non-linear storytelling in films like Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill.
Who is Quentin Tarantino?
The study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.
What is pharmacokinetics?
This valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
What is the mitral (or bicuspid) valve?
This condition is characterized by inflammation of the alveoli, often caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.
What is pneumonia?
The term for insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues.
What is hypoxia?
This late artist is known for Purple Rain and his iconic guitar skills.
Who is Prince?
This mucolytic agent is often used to break down thick mucus in conditions like cystic fibrosis.
What is acetylcysteine?
This effect describes how increased carbon dioxide levels enhance oxygen release from hemoglobin.
What is the Bohr effect?
This obstructive pulmonary disease involves chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema and is often associated with smoking.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
The maximum amount of air that can be expelled after a deep inhalation.
What is vital capacity?
This viral dance challenge app peaked in the 2010s but was discontinued in 2021.
What is Vine?
This respiratory stimulant is used to treat apnea in preterm infants.
What is caffeine or theophylline?
This neurotransmitter is critical for muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine?
This condition results from a collapsed lung due to air entering the pleural cavity.
What is pneumothorax?
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in this form.
What is bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)?
This Italian luxury brand’s logo features two interlocking Gs.
What is Gucci?
This opioid antagonist is used in acute opioid-induced respiratory depression.
What is naloxone?
This protein binds to calcium during muscle contraction, allowing actin-myosin interaction.
What is troponin?
This term refers to the buildup of fluid in the pleural space, often caused by infection, heart failure, or malignancy.
What is pleural effusion?
This method of measuring lung function involves a machine that records the volume and flow of air during breathing.
What is spirometry?
This brand, known for its bright red soles, has become synonymous with luxury footwear.
What is Christian Louboutin?
This corticosteroid, commonly used in severe asthma, is delivered systemically via oral or intravenous routes.
What is prednisone or methylprednisolone?
This condition results from a lack of ATP, causing muscles to remain contracted post-mortem.
What is rigor mortis?
This condition is caused by a blood clot blocking a pulmonary artery, leading to reduced oxygenation.
What is pulmonary embolism?
This pressure gradient drives airflow during quiet breathing.
What is the transrespiratory pressure?
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred during the presidency of this U.S. leader.
Who is John F. Kennedy?
The phenomenon in which a significant portion of an orally inhaled drug is metabolized in the liver before systemic circulation.
What is first-pass metabolism?
This structure, found in fetal circulation, allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
This condition results from increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often secondary to heart or lung diseases.
What is pulmonary hypertension?
Central chemoreceptors primarily monitor the concentration of this ion in cerebrospinal fluid.
What is hydrogen ion (H⁺)?
This Spanish conquistador overthrew the Aztec Empire.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
This inhaled antibiotic is used for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
What is tobramycin?
This vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.
What is the hepatic portal vein?
This condition, often caused by infection, results in inflammation of the epiglottis and can obstruct the airway.
What is epiglottitis?
The pressure that keeps the lungs expanded, calculated as alveolar pressure minus intrapleural pressure.
What is transpulmonary pressure?
The Allied invasion of Normandy during World War II is better known as this.
What is D-Day?
Concomitant use of corticosteroids and long-term beta-agonists increases the risk of this side effect in asthma patients.
What is adrenal suppression?
This type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension.
What is an eccentric contraction?
This hereditary disorder causes thick mucus to accumulate in the lungs and other organs.
What is cystic fibrosis?
The formula used to calculate the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PAO₂).
What is PAO₂ = FiO₂(PB - PH₂O) - (PaCO₂ / R)?
The written script developed by the Sumerians, one of the world's first writing systems.
What is cuneiform?