Pharmacology
This short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) is commonly used as a rescue inhaler.
What is albuterol (salbutamol)?
This is the pressure maintained in the airways at the end of exhalation to keep alveoli open.
What is positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?
These microorganisms are known as prokaryotes and lack a true nucleus.
What are bacteria?
The cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
What is the epiglottis?
The Nickelodeon series featuring a football-headed boy and his adventures in the city.
What is Hey Arnold!?
This part of the brainstem is the primary respiratory control center.
What is the medulla oblongata?
The mode of mechanical ventilation where the ventilator delivers a set number of breaths per minute at a fixed tidal volume.
What is volume-controlled ventilation (VCV)?
The type of antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill them.
What is bacteriostatic?
The partial pressure of oxygen is highest in this part of the body.
What are the alveoli?
This director is known for his non-linear storytelling in films like Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill.
Who is Quentin Tarantino?
The study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.
What is pharmacokinetics?
The term for hospital-acquired pneumonia that occurs in intubated patients on mechanical ventilation.
What is ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
The process by which microorganisms convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen.
What is fermentation?
The term for insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues.
What is hypoxia?
This late artist is known for Purple Rain and his iconic guitar skills.
Who is Prince?
This mucolytic agent is often used to break down thick mucus in conditions like cystic fibrosis.
What is acetylcysteine?
The ventilator setting that controls the maximum pressure reached during inspiration.
What is peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)?
The kingdom that includes multicellular eukaryotes like molds and single-celled yeasts.
What is Fungi?
The maximum amount of air that can be expelled after a deep inhalation.
What is vital capacity?
This viral dance challenge app peaked in the 2010s but was discontinued in 2021.
What is Vine?
This respiratory stimulant is used to treat apnea in preterm infants.
What is caffeine or theophylline?
The ventilator maneuver used to measure intrinsic PEEP by briefly pausing expiration.
What is an expiratory hold?
The specific type of bacterial toxin that is part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
What is lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin?
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in this form.
What is bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)?
This Italian luxury brand’s logo features two interlocking Gs.
What is Gucci?
This opioid antagonist is used in acute opioid-induced respiratory depression.
What is naloxone?
The parameter used to assess a patient’s ability to generate adequate inspiratory effort, often measured during weaning.
What is negative inspiratory force (NIF)?
This domain includes extremophiles, microorganisms capable of surviving in extreme conditions.
What is Archaea?
This method of measuring lung function involves a machine that records the volume and flow of air during breathing.
What is spirometry?
This brand, known for its bright red soles, has become synonymous with luxury footwear.
What is Christian Louboutin?
This corticosteroid, commonly used in severe asthma, is delivered systemically via oral or intravenous routes.
What is prednisone or methylprednisolone?
The maximum plateau pressure recommended to avoid barotrauma in mechanically ventilated patients.
What is ≤30 cm H₂O?
The first antibody isotype produced during a primary immune response.
What is IgM?
This pressure gradient drives airflow during quiet breathing.
What is the transrespiratory pressure?
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred during the presidency of this U.S. leader.
Who is John F. Kennedy?
The phenomenon in which a significant portion of an orally inhaled drug is metabolized in the liver before systemic circulation.
What is first-pass metabolism?
This index is calculated by dividing the respiratory rate by the tidal volume to predict weaning success.
What is the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI)?
The mechanism by which DNA is exchanged between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact.
What is conjugation?
Central chemoreceptors primarily monitor the concentration of this ion in cerebrospinal fluid.
What is hydrogen ion (H⁺)?
This Spanish conquistador overthrew the Aztec Empire.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
This inhaled antibiotic is used for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
What is tobramycin?
The term for the pressure in the lungs during a period of no airflow during end inspiration before the next ventilator breath is delivered.
What is plateau pressure?
The process by which a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another.
What is transduction?
The pressure that keeps the lungs expanded, calculated as alveolar pressure minus intrapleural pressure.
What is transpulmonary pressure?
The Allied invasion of Normandy during World War II is better known as this.
What is D-Day?
Concomitant use of corticosteroids and long-term beta-agonists increases the risk of this side effect in asthma patients.
What is adrenal suppression?
The hemodynamic effect caused by high levels of PEEP, leading to reduced preload and cardiac output
What is decreased venous return?
The term for a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, commonly found in prokaryotes
What is an operon?
The formula used to calculate the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PAO₂).
What is PAO₂ = FiO₂(PB - PH₂O) - (PaCO₂ / R)?
The written script developed by the Sumerians, one of the world's first writing systems.
What is cuneiform?