Lecture 10
A landmass surrounded on three sides by water.
What is a peninsula?
The city-state in Greece that valued the Military above all else.
What is Sparta?
This was the theater where the Greeks celebrated the March festival.
What is the Theater of Dionysus?
Antigonus-Gonatas group.
Who took over Alexander's empire in Greece?
It featured the Patricians, the wealthy of Rome, and the Plebians, the poor of Rome.
What was Class War in the Roman Republic?
Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus.
What was the first Triumvirate?
Son of Vespasian who sacked Jerusalem c. 70 a.d.
Who was Titus?
Council of Nicaea
What was the Church meeting that created the Nicaean Creed, also known as the Apostle's Creed, which states the dogma of the Christian faith?
Most popular rules for monks and nuns.
What are the Benedictine Rules?
Serfs
What were the lower class of people in feudalism that were tied to the land, paid a portion of their produce but could keep what was left?
The wife and first convert to Islam of Mohammad.
Who is Khadija?
The Church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1054 A.D.
What is the Eastern Orthodox Church?
The island near Greece where the Minoan civilization was founded.
What is Crete?
A Spartan Slave.
What is a Helot?
This war began over the Athenian Navy intervened in a Greek colony's dispute with the Persian Empire.
What is the Persian War?
Seleucid group.
Who took over Alexander's empire in Syria?
First written law code of Rome.
What were the 12 tables?
Overran Rome without bloodshed after crossing the Rubicon with 1 legion.
Who was Julius Caesar?
The youngest son of Vespasian who oversaw the completion of the Coliseum.
Who was Domitian?
These were the ancient tribes found in Britain.
What were the Angles and Saxons?
This group was responsible for copying manuscripts from Ancient Greece and Rome.
What were Monks?
The system of Knighthood in feudal Europe.
What was Chivalry?
These are the people whose religion believes Allah is the Supreme God and Mohammad is his prophet.
What are Muslims?
This event occurred as a result of the Council of Clermont in 1095.
What were the Crusades?
The capital city of the Minoans.
What is Knossos?
The Greek playwright who wrote tragedies i.e. Oedipus Rex.
Who was Sophocles?
The Athenian General Miltiades led his army to a great victory in this battle.
What is the battle of Marathon?
Ptolemy group.
Who took over Alexander's empire in Egypt?
Conquered large areas of Roman Italy by crossing the Alps from Spain.
Who was Hannibal?
The man who avenged Ceasar's death and got involved in a losing situation with Cleopatra.
Who was Mark Antony?
This 66-year-old man began the system of Adoption during the early empire of Rome.
Who is Nerva?
Founded the Knights of the Round Table around the 5th century A.D. and allegedly fought at the battle of Baden Hill.
Who was King Arthur?
Known as the "Hammer" he won the Battle of Tours in 732 preventing the invasion of Muslim forces in Spain.
Who was Charles Martel?
The eldest son of a noble family would be trained for several years culminating in a ritual bath and a ceremony in a church.
What was a Knight of the Bath?
Hijra
What event was celebrated in Islam when Mohammad and his followers fled to Medina?
This group of people conquered Jerusalem.
Who are the Seljuk Turks?
The first civilization on the mainland of Greece.
Who are the Myceneans?
Euripides
Who was the playwright who wrote the "Trojan Women."
The Persian king who lost the 1st Persian War.
Who was Darius I?
This ancient Greek scientist measured the circumference of the earth.
Who was Eratosthenes?
The city-state that rivaled Rome during the Punic wars.
What was Carthage?
The young grand-nephew of Julius Caesar who eventually was victorious in the battle of Actium making him the Emperor of Rome.
Who was Octavian?
Trajan
Who was the first of the Spanish Roman Emperors?
This was the international religious organization in the West that provided order after the fall of the Roman Empire. Its leader is known as the Pope.
What was the Roman Catholic Church?
He took over what is France and Germany and received his crown from the grateful Pope Leo III on Christmas Day 800.
Who was Charlemagne?
A man in feudal Europe who distinguished himself by some act of extraordinary bravery could become one of these.
What is a Knight of the Sword?
Islam's holy book.
What is the Koran?
This Crusade was a total failure.
What was the 2nd Crusade?
Epic poems written by Homer, some parts which are rooted in history.
What are the Iliad and Odyssey?
Aristophanes
Who was the Greek playwright who wrote comedies i.e. "The Frogs."
The king who lost the battle of Salamis.
Who was King Xerxes?
Aristarchus of Samos.
Who was the first scientist to suggest the earth moves around the sun?
This was the Father of Hannibal.
Who was Hamilcar Barca?
Tiberius Ceasar
Who was the Emperor of Rome during the crucifixion of Christ?
This Emperor was another Spanish Emperor who built a wall in Britain and completely defeated the Jews in Judea in the 2nd Jewish War.
Who was the emperor Hadrian?
Roman Catholic official that is above the priest but below the Arch-Bishop.
What is a Bishop?
Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothiar received their inheritance from this treaty written in both German and French.
What was the Treaty of Verdun?
These are events where knights could compete outside of battle.
What are Tournaments?
There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his Prophet and a pilgrimage to Mecca are part of this tradition.
What is the "Five Pillars of Islam?"
King Richard the Lionhearted led this military excursion to Jerusalem.
What was the 3rd Crusade?
On a hill in the center of a Greek city-state where temples and government buildings were.
What is the Acropolis?
The other Greek playwright besides Sophocles who wrote tragedies.
Who was Aeschylus?
This league was created for the protection of all the city-states in Greece against the Persians.
What was the Delian League?
These early founded a civilization in Italy building with brick and mortar.
Who were the Etruscans?
Optimates.
Who were the Wealthy of Rome after the Punic wars in the later Republic?
Caius Caesar know as Caligula
Who followed Tiberius as Emperor of Rome and turned out to be among the worst Emperors in World History?
This emperor fought and defeated the Gauls for 13 years and accidentally brought home the plague to Rome.
Who is Marcus Aurelius?
This is the official below the Cardinal but above the Bishop in the Roman Catholic Church. Their college elects the Pope.
What is a Cardinal?
These two groups terrorized Europe during the Middle Ages which led to the system of feudalism.
Who were the Vikings and Magyars?
The final competition in a Tournament that usually emulates a battle with blunted arms.
What is a Tourny?
This was the first Caliph after the death of Mohammad.
Who is Abu-Bakr?
Salidin the Great
Who was the new leader of the Seljuk Turks who fought Richard the Lionheart in the 3rd Crusade?
A type of government the Greeks experimented with that features rule by one man who passes his power down to a family member.
What is Monarchy?
Socrates
Who was the Greek philosopher who said “Life without inquiry is not worth living” and taught Plato.
Thermopylae.
What was the battle where the Spartans defended the City of Athens to the last man against the Persians.
The Etruscan king was ousted by the Senate.
Who was Tarquin?
Populares
Who were the poor of Rome made up of veterans after the Punic wars?
The Emperor of Rome who got the job accidentally after the assassination of Caligula, or did he?
Who was Claudius Caesar?
This emperor is the outstanding example in history of the tendency for good men to have vicious sons and performed in private as a Gladiator.
Who was Commodus?
This is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
What is the Pope?
This French Nobleman left Normandy, crossed the English Channel, and defeated King Harold in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Who was William the Conqueror?
People who live in and around Saudi Arabia.
What is an arab?
When the Abbassid Caliph moved their capital from Mecca.
What is the significance of Baghdad?
This military excursion featured the sacking of several Christian cities to pay their Italian bankers.
What was the Fourth Crusade?
A type of government the Greeks experimented with that features rule by one man who acquires his position through strength-of-arms.
What is Tyranny?
Without this Greek philosopher, we wouldn't even know about Socrates.
Who is Plato?
The great Greek naval battle against the Persians in 480 that virtually ended the Persian Wars.
What is Salamis?
Began in 509 B.C. and was the first Democracy in Italy.
What was the Roman Republic?
These brothers led an agricultural reform party in Rome after the Punic wars.
Who were the Grachii?
Both Roman and Christian found this Emperor to be careless in his rule of Rome and also with matches.
Who was Nero?
The Emperor who divided the Roman Empire east and west. He was notorious for his persecutions of the Christians in Rome.
Who was Diocleteian?
Baptism, Confirmation, Penance, Communion, Help the Ill, Priestly orders and Marriage
What are the 7 sacraments?
This system tied every Lord and Vassel in a complex web of security and governance during the early Middle Ages.
What is Feudalism?
This tribe of Arabs are nomads who trade in the deserts.
An Islamic Church.
What is a Mosque?
Enhancing trade between East and West in the Middle Ages and not re-conquering Jerusalem.
What was the result of the Crusades?
A type of government that the Greeks experimented with that features rule by the wealthy few or elites.
What is Oligarchy?
This Greek philosopher taught Alexander the Great.
Who is Aristotle?
King Philip of Macedonia.
Who was the father of Alexander?
Two men who had the veto in the Roman Republic c. 509 B.C.
What were Consuls?
Marius
Who led the Populares faction in the Roman Civil War while reforming the army?
The emperors in the year of the 4 emperors in A.D. 69.Ortho, Galba, Vittilious and Vespasian.
Who were Ortho, Galba, Vittilious and Vespasian?
The emperor who defeated all the other co-emperors between 305 and 312 a.d. He won the battle of the Mulvian Bridge having had a vision of the Cross of Christ the night before.
Who is Constantine?
These were non-Christians in Western Civilization during the Middle Ages.
What are Pagans?
This usually was a tract of land but also could be a privilege that afforded one a living in Feudal Europe.
What is a Fief?
Sheiks
What are the leaders of the Bedouins?
After Rome fell in the West it continued in the East with the capital known as Constantinople.
What is the Byzantine Civilization?
The Byzantine power couple who did not start out as members of the aristocracy.
Who were Justinian I and Empress Theadora?
The two types of government feature 1. rule by wealthy or elite families and then 2. features rule by the people.
What are Aristocracy and Democracy?
The Greek scientist who discovered principles of magnetism.
Who was Thales?
This man conquered most of the known world by the time he was 32.
Who is Alexander the Great?
The Roman Army.
What was the main reason for the success of the Roman state?
Led the Optimate faction in the Roman Civil War.
Who was Sulla?
Vespasian
Who was the first decent Emperor of Rome for decades and accomplished sound government?
As a result of Constantine's gratitude to Christians, he authored this document giving religious toleration in the Roman Empire.
What was the Edict of Milan?
This was the Pope who confronted Atila the Hun and paid him off in 410 A.D.
Who was Pope Leo I.
These were the oaths first from Lord to Vassel then from Vassel to Lord.
What were the Act of Homage and the Oath of Fealty?
The founder of Islam and a prophet of Allah.
Who is Mohammad?
The most important Code was developed by the Byzantine Empire.
What is the Justinian Code?
Hospitallers, Teutonic and Templars.
What were the Knightly Orders?