Part 1
Does PNS or CNS contain the nerves of the rest of the body?
PNS
What structure does the spinal cord pass through of each vertebra?
Vertebral foramen
What charge is a result of depolarization within a cell?
Positive. Remember - + -, resting membrane potential - depolarization - repolarization
The photoreceptors rods are responsible for what type of vision and shade?
Night vision and shades of gray
Do high-pitched sounds occur at the proximal end or distal end?
Proximal end
What is a rapid up and down shift in voltage called?
Is motor neurons apart of the CNS or PNS?
CNS
What sensory receptor is responsible for heat and cold?
Thermoreceptors
What part of the ear is involved in hearing and equilibrium?
Inner ear, specifically vestibular apparatus (semicircular ducts, vestibule)
What is a nerve and tract and why are they different?
Bundles of axons together, nerve is in PNS and tract is in CNS
What two cell types make myelin?
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Where do the synapses of sensory info and interneurons occur?
Which cranial nerve from lab is responsible for sensory for smell?
Olfactory nerve
What does the phrenic nerve help with?
Critical for breathing. Innervates the diaphragm.
What are the three plexuses of the body that we know from lab? (plexus: braids of spinal nerves)
Cervical, brachial, lumbosacral
What is the difference between the nervous and endocrine system
The nervous contains electrical and chemical messengers and the endocrine contains only chemical messengers called hormones.
What is it called when sometimes pain is perceived from internal organs in one of our dermatomes? (belly button hurts, but it is actually the appendix hurting).
Referred pain
Photoreceptors convert light energy into what for vision?
Action potentials in the retina
What is it called when the brain fills in the green bar across the blind spot area?
Visual filling
What is the flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)?
Lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space, bloodstream
What monitors the length of a muscle and how fast muscles change in length?
Muscle spindles
White vs gray matter, what is within them? (think of parts of neuron)
Gray matter = neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.
White matter = bundles of axons
What is the pineal gland responsible for?
Sleep-wakefulness cycle, secretes melatonin. Lets the mind know how light it is.
What three structures of the brain are located in the midbrain? (Need to know differences between fore-,mid-,hind-brain)
Corpora quadrigemina: superior and inferior colliculi,
Cerebral peduncles
Cerebral aqueduct
Mike the Headless Chicken was still alive because what was remained intact?
His brainstem, specifically medulla oblongata