Middle East & Islam
This was the original cause of the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
What is a dispute over who should lead the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad's death?
What the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 allowed European powers to do regarding African territory.
What is claim African territory without consulting African peoples?
The primary factor on which the 1947 partition of India was based.
What are religious majority populations — Hindu or Muslim?
The catastrophic result of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward (1958).
What is a massive famine that killed tens of millions of Chinese people?
The Allied Pacific strategy in WWII — capturing key islands for airbases while bypassing heavily fortified Japanese ones.
What is island hopping?
This 1917 British document committed Britain to supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
What is the Balfour Declaration?
This term describes France maintaining economic and political control over its formally independent former African colonies.
What is neocolonialism?
India and Pakistan's most persistent territorial conflict since 1947.
Kashmir
How Deng Xiaoping's Open Door Policy differed most from Mao's economic approach.
What is inviting foreign investment and allowing elements of market capitalism through Special Economic Zones?
The significance of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945
What is they contributed directly to Japan's unconditional surrender and the end of World War II?
Israel's primary strategy during the Six-Day War of 1967 — launching strikes before the enemy could act.
What is a preemptive air assault that destroyed enemy air forces on the ground?
The Group Areas Act of 1950 in South Africa was designed to do this.
What is establish racially segregated residential and business areas, reserving most land for white citizens?
This Cold War theory states that nuclear weapons actually prevent conflict because an attack guarantees the destruction of both sides.
What is Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
The name of Mao's 1966–1976 campaign that closed schools, destroyed cultural artifacts, and persecuted intellectuals.
What is the Cultural Revolution?
How the Korean War officially ended in 1953.
What is an armistice agreement that left the peninsula divided near the 38th parallel, with no peace treaty ever signed?
The main reason the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979.
What is to support an unstable pro-Soviet government and maintain a socialist state on its border?
The most direct factor that contributed to conditions leading to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.
What are ethnic tensions between Hutu and Tutsi groups, intensified by colonial-era policies?
This British colonial institution, founded in 1600, started as a trading company and eventually governed much of India with its own private army.
What is the East India Company (EIC)?
The 1989 event in which Chinese military forces cracked down on pro-democracy student protesters.
What is Tiananmen Square?
North Korea's ideology of Juche is best described as this.
What is a philosophy of national self-reliance, political independence, and loyalty to the leader?
The primary driver behind the Arab Spring protests that swept the Arab world in the early 2010s
What is growing popular anger over corruption, economic stagnation, and lack of political freedom?
This concept in Africa refers to countries skipping older technologies and adopting newer ones directly — like getting cell phones before reliable electricity
What is leapfrog development?
The estimated number of people displaced by the 1947 Partition of India, making it one of the largest mass migrations in history.
What is 12 to 20 million people?
Deng Xiaoping's pragmatic philosophy about ideology vs. results, summed up in a famous quote about cats.
What is "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice"?
How South Korea's chaebols and Japan's keiretsu were similar in their roles in each country's economy.
What is being large industrial conglomerates that were central to each country's economic development strategy?