The Crusades
This forgiveness of sin promised by Pope Urban II was at the heart of the Crusader Ethos.
Crusader Indulgence.
This event (1315-1317) preceding the Black Death weakened the health of Europe's population during the fourteenth century.
The Great Famine.
This society of the ancient world was the main inspiration for many thinkers of the Italian Renaissance.
Roman Society.
This text of the early 7th century provided a guide for how abbots should structure life within a monastery.
The Rule of Saint Benedict (Benedictine Rule).
These individuals whipped and chastised themselves in reaction to the Black Death.
Flagellants.
These warriors blended the lives of those who pray and those who work. They came to form the core of the crusader armies in the middle twelfth century. [Ex. Templars, Hospitaliers]
The Military Orders.
This city became the new seat of the papacy during the so-called "Babylonian Captivity."
Avignon.
This early Renaissance thinker was responsible for creating the term, "Middle Ages."
Petrarch.
Peter Abelard was most famous for his commentaries on the philosophical works of this Ancient thinker.
Plato
This term refers to the unfree status of some peasants, binding them to the land that they worked.
Enserfment.
This city became the ultimate (though unintended) target of the Fourth Crusade.
Constantinople.
Flanders (the Flemish towns).
This woman was among the most famous of the Renaissance writers. She advocated for the social visibility of women.
Christine de Pizan.
This text of the Renaissance, written in Italian by the author Bocaccio, involves a group of friends who share a collection of stories while waiting out the Black Death.
The Decameron.
This form of law saw a resurgence in western Europe during the twelfth century.
Roman Law.
This concept w/in Islam emerged in reaction to the Crusader Ethos.
Lesser Jihad.
This was the mortality rate of the Black Death (a percentage).
70%.
This philosophical view was the engine of the Renaissance. It defined people as fundamentally good and encouraged greater focus on their achievements.
Humanism.
This woodland hermitage built by Peter Abelard became the monastery of Héloïse and her nuns. Controversially, its name means "divine comfort."
The Paraclete.
This king of England lost Normandy to Philip II Augustus in 1204, ending the Angevin Empire.
John I of England.
This battle in 1071 marked a major defeat for the Byzantines at the hands of the Seljuks, inspiring Emp. Alexios I to appeal to Pope Urban II for aid.
The Battle of Manzikert.
This new artistic motif (meaning: "remember to die") became ubiquitous following the Black Death.
Momento Mori.
Because of its suspicion of the University system, the Renaissance marked the growing availability of education for this group.
Women.
In his letter "removing" the pope from the papacy, Henry IV referred to Gregory VII using his given name. That name is ____________________.
Hildibrand.
Saladin was a member of this Kurdish Sultanate.
The Ayyubid Sultanate.