Chapter 15 First Half
True
A disorder characterized by major depressive episodes followed by mania
Bipolar disorder
Name 2 types of anti-depressant
SSRI, SNRI, MAOI, Tricyclic are all valid answers
(T/F) Therapy is more effective than a placebo/no treatment?
True
Mike tells you he has been sleeping too much, barely able to get out of bed, no desire in any activities he has enjoyed in the past, and generally a reduced feeling of wellbeing for the last 2 weeks. How would you diagnose Mike, and what would you prescribe him?
Major Depressive Disorder, anti-depressants
What is equifinality?
the idea that different children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome
Which involves more extensive memory loss, dissociative amnesia, or dissociative fugue?
Dissociative fugue
Mood stabilizers are most commonly prescribed for which disorder?
Bipolar disorder, manic disorder (either is fine)
What's aversion therapy?
Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with something you want to reduce, i.e. pairing a nausea causing drug with alcohol to reduce the positive association with alcohol
Nick is 17. His brother is 23 and was just diagnosed with schizophrenia. Nick now believes he will develop schizophrenia at some point in his twenties too. Why does he think that, and what else could we tell him about this disorder to help him understand better?
People with family history are more likely to get this disorder than people without. However, there's evidence to support that the environment also plays a role, thus it is not guaranteed he will develop this disorder
The 2 major classification manuals for psychological disorders
The ICD and DSM
How is GAD different from panic disorder and phobias?
GAD involves low to moderate chronic anxiety about everyday events. Panic disorder involves extreme bouts of panic followed by normal functioning. Phobias involve anxiety circulating about one specific entity/event.
(T/F) First thing that doctors try for schizophrenia are typical antipsychotics, and if they do not work they try atypical antipsychotics
False
What is the term for the quality in a therapist that Carl Roger's Client-Centered therapy states is of high importance? (Bonus 100pts if you can explain what it is)
Unconditional positive regard - full and warm acceptance for the client
Kaitlyn has generalized anxiety disorder and went to a psychiatrist wanting a prescription for benzodiazepines. Her psychiatrist, however, told her that those drugs are the second line of defense and would prefer she try therapy first. What are the two main issues that the psychiatrist is trying to avoid?
1. Benzodiazepines can cause dependency and are very addictive
2. They do not address the underlying cause of anxiety and will not fix its source
The 4 Ds of psychological disorders are...
Deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger
In schizophrenia, the two common patterns in the delusions that we see are...
Prosecution and grandeur
Name a type of psychosurgery
Trephining, Lobotomy, or Deep brain stimulation
Briefly explain how cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) works. What is the basic premise it aims to achieve to help people overcome certain disorders?
CBT aims to disrupt problematic thought patterns and replace them with more effective ones. Ex. If we can stop/replace the thought pattern that creates anxiety, we can prevent the anxiety.
Your friend Sarah was deployed in the Middle East as part of her military service, and was involved in a situation where she was bombed in an elevator, and now she has a chronic fear of elevators and cannot get on one despite knowing there is no threat in it. She has refused medication. What kind of therapy would you recommend, and for what reason?
Variety of answers accepted.
Describe the way that the cognitive model explains how psychological disorders happen
An answer that covers the general premise is good enough. Broadly, the cognitive model believes abnormal functioning can result from maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes circulating around the negative.
Explain the diathesis-stress model for schizophrenia and other disorders
Biological predisposition + some sort of psychological event, personal stress, or societal expectation that ultimately causes a disorder to manifest
When is electroconvulsive therapy used? What is the goal of it? Is it effective?
When medicine and psychotherapy are ineffective, it is used to create a brain seizure in hopes of restoring functioning. It is 70% effective.
Explain what systematic desensitization is. How would it work for a person with a fear of dogs?
Consistent but small steps in reduction of anxiety about an event or entity. Variety of ways to explain fear of dogs.
Emma has severe depression and goes to you, their psychiatrist. Imagine you have a magic power that allows you to see that she has no cognitive dispositions, and no illogical thought patterns that lead to her depression. What could you tell Emma, from the research you've seen about demographics, could be a factor that increases her chance to have this mood disorder? Name at least 3
-Women are 2x likely than men to have anxiety or depression
-Could be low SES status
-Religious people are less depressed, on average
-People who lack social support networks are more depressed