Chapter 1&2
Providing enough, but not an excess, of a food, is a diet-planning principle known as
a. moderation. c. safety. b. variety. d. undernutrition
A) Moderation
What is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose?
a. High-fructose syrup c. Invert sugar b. Molasses d. Turbinado sugar
Invert Sugar
The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed
a. protein sparing. c. gluconeogenesis. b. ketogenesis. d. glycation.
c gluconeogenesis
Excess alcohol intake leads to a reduction in the synthesis rate of a. liver fat. c. ketone bodies. b. acetyl CoA molecules. d. liver glucose.
d liver glucose
Alcohol can interact with hormones and interferes with insulin and glucagon action, resulting
in hypoglycemia
True or False
TRUE
In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the
a. correlation. c. hypothesis. b. prediction. d. theory.
C) Hypothesis
2. What is the meaning of a resistant starch?
a. A complex formed between phytic acid and cellulose that inhibits hydrolysis of digestible polysaccharides
b. A fiber that escapes digestion in the small intestine
c. A disaccharide that passes completely through the GI tract intact
d. An insoluble fiber that is only partly degraded by gastric acid and pepsin
B. A fiber that escapes digestion in the small intestine
Protein-hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as a. hydrolyzers. c. proteases. b. denaturases. d. prodigestins.
C proteases
Which of the following sources would yield the softest lipids at room temperature? a. Safflower c. Lard b. Pork d. Beef
a safflower
Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of alcohol metabolism?
a. The average person needs about two hours to metabolize two drinks
b. There are gender differences in the rate of breakdown
c. The amount of alcohol in the breath is proportional to the amount in the blood
d. Alcohol is metabolized by muscle and brain cells as well as by the liver
d. Alcohol is metabolized by muscle and brain cells as well as by the liver
In the MyPlate icon, which nutrient is shown as a separate food group?
a. Protein c. Carbohydrate b. Fat d. Micronutrients
A) Protein
What is the composition of lactose?
a. One glucose and one fructose unit
c. One glucose and one galactose unit
b. Two fructose units
d. Two glucose units
C glucose and galactose
What type of protein would the body make in order to heal a wound?
a. Hemoglobin c. Albumin b. Ferritin d. Collagen
d collagen
Which of the following is a feature of the lipid content of foods?
a. Cholesterol is found in peanuts
b. Low-density lipoproteins are found in coconut oil
c. Essential fatty acids are found in olestra
d. Omega-3 fats are found in fish
D omega 3 fats are found in fish
Which of the following controls a person's maximum rate of alcohol catabolism?
a. Breathing rate
b. Activity of the electron transport chain
c. Gastric acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
d. Activity of alcohol dehydrogenase
D activity of alcohol dehydrogenase
( do men or women have more)
According to the USDA Food Patterns, which of the following protein foods should be most limited?
a. Baked beans c. Skinless chicken b. Shrimp d. Peanut butter
a) baked beans
Adverse side effects of typical low-carbohydrate diets include all of the following EXCEPT
a. high blood pressure.
c. fatigue.
b. constipation.
d. nausea.
A high blood pressure
When a balanced diet is consumed, approximately what percentage of the body's energy expenditure is furnished by amino acids?
a. 50 to 65 c. 1 to 5 b. 10 to 15 d. 25 to 35
b 10 to 15
Which of the following accounts for the higher energy density of a fatty acid compared with the other energy-yielding nutrients?
a. Other energy-yielding nutrients undergo fewer metabolic reactions, thereby lowering the energy yield b. Fatty acids have a lower percentage of hydrogen-carbon bonds
c. Fatty acids have a greater percentage of hydrogen-carbon bonds
d. Other energy-yielding nutrients have a lower percentage of oxygen-carbon bonds
c. Fatty acids have a greater percentage of hydrogen-carbon bonds
Order the stages of fatty liver disease Cirrhosis, Alcoholic hepatitis and fatty liver
Stage 1: Fatty liver
▪ Fat builds up in the liver cells.
▪ Too much fat buildup causes liver dysfunction.
▪ Occurs after a few days of excessive drinking
Stage 2: Alcoholic hepatitis
▪ Liver becomes inflamed.
Stage 3: Cirrhosis
What is the Daily Value for protein based on a 2000-kcalorie intake?
a. 75 g c. 50 g b. 25 g d. 100 g
C) 50g
Where do the TCA cycle reactions take place?
a. Golgi
b. Inner compartment of the mitochondria
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Nucleus of the mitochondria
B inner compartment of the mitochondria
HARD ONE
*** define/ explain gluconeogenesis ****
The process of making glucose (sugar) from its own breakdown products or from the breakdown products of lipids (fats) or proteins.
Which of the following is a feature of the metabolism of surplus dietary fat?
a. Excess fat promotes increased fat oxidation
b. Excess fat spares breakdown of body proteins
c. Excess fat is almost all stored
d. Conversion of excess fat to storage fat is inefficient
c excess fat is almost all stored
Exposing a fetus to alcohol can lead to ____ _______ _________ _________.
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)