Enzymes
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
Special macromolecules that speed up reactions in cells
Enzymes are proteins that act upon substrate molecules and decrease the activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur by stabilizing the transition state
True
What is Enthalpy and Entropy relationship?
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
What is a protein which contains 3 alpha helices, eight beta turns, and two parallel beta sheets
BPC
What is the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
v= vmax [s]/(Km + [s])
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
it is no longer able to function
A polymer is composed of monomers
True
Henderson Hasselbach Equation
pH= pK + log [A]/[HA]
What can be said about fibrous proteins?
Have elongated or sheet like shapes
Commonly have one type of secondary sturcture
Usually part of sturctures that provide support, strength, and shape
How is oxygen held in its binding site in myoglobin
Hydrogen bonding with the distal His in myoglobin
How do you know if an enzyme is saturated?
If the reaction rate has plateaued, this indicates that the enzyme has reached saturation.
Lipids composed of short, saturated fatty acids are more fluid at room temperature than lipids made up of long, saturated fatty acids.
False
What is the main driving force behind hydrophobic interactions?
Entropy
What is a 3^o structure of protein?
Represents a 3D arrangement of atoms in a protein
Held together by weak interactions
is determined by 1^o structure
What is the Lineweaver Burk Equation?
1/vo= Km/(vmax * [s]) + 1/vmax
What is the primary mechanism by how enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?
They lower the activation energy needed in the reaction.
The active site of an enzyme is most suited to the shape of the substrate as the substrate exists on its own.
False
Non-polar molecules most likely form which of the following weak interactions
Van der Waals Interactions
What structure can include the interaction between alpha helices from two different polypeptides?
Adding many molecules of phosphatidic acid to an aqueous environment would not lead to the formation of stable what?
Micelles or bilayer
A catalyst is an enzyme that promotes a reaction. In terms of free energy, what does a catalyst change about the reaction to promote the reaction proceeding?
Catalysts increase the rate of the reaction by reducing the free energy of the transition state, which lowers the activation energy.
Tertiary structure is determined by sidechain.
True
An exergonic and exothermic reaction is what?
Always spontaneous
What must you know about your protein sample before performing affinity chromatography?
A ligand of the protein
What is the initial velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction that produces 1 umole of product after 15 seconds, 2 umoles product after 30 seconds, and 2.5 umoles product after 45 seconds?
0.067 umole/sec