Human Physiology
What is the function of an epiglottis?
Blocks food from entering the trachea.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is your stance on GMOs, provide an explanation.
....
What doe PCR stand for?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
What is the purpose of gel-electrophoresis?
To visualize your PCR results, separate DNA fragments, creating a DNA fingerprint
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called? What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
Atria, Ventricle
How many TOTAL chromosomes does each cell have?
46
List three examples of GMO
Banana, Papaya, Rice
What is the purpose of a primer?
To identify target sequence.
What is the purpose of the loading dye?
To increase sample density, causing sample to sink to bottom of well, and to color your sample.
Describe the passage of blood through the heart
Deoxygenated blood will enter the right atrium, pass the tricuspid valve, enter the right ventricle, then flow through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. This deoxygenated blood is then sent to the lungs where it become oxygenated. The oxygenated blood travesl through the pulmonary veins and enters the heart through the left atrium, passes the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the right ventricle. THe blood then passes the aortic valve into the aorta where the blood is pumped to the rest of the body,
Write the complimentary DNA strand to the following sequence: AGCTCGA
TCGAGCT
Why did Mark Lynas say that if we tried to feed the global population organically, it would be an ecological disaster?
List all three steps to PCR
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
This is the property that allows DNA to move through the gel during electrophoresis.
Charge, negative, phosphate
Describe Boyle's law and its connection to breathing
Boyle's law is the inverse relationships of volume and pressure. When volume increases pressure decreases. This is related to breathing. When the volume of the lung increases on an inhale, the pressure decreases, causes airflow to flow in.
ATCGATCC
UAGCUAGG
What was the Seralini report about and why did it have such an impact on GMO usage?
The Seralini report was a study investigating the impacts of Roundup-resistant GMO crops on rat health. The study reported an increase in tumors among rats that were fed genetically modified food. This report significantly influenced GMO usage because it instilled a false sense of fear into the general public. This has resulted in distrust with the scientific community.
List three ingredients you need to run PCR
primers, template DNA, nitrogenous bases
Explain why we need to have a POSITIVE control
To serve as a reference to be compared to experimental results.
What are the three accessory organs within the digestive system?
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder
Describe how chromosomes, genes and DNA are related?
DNA constitutes the unique genetic blueprint of an individual, featuring a structure with a phosphate-sugar backbone and nitrogen-containing bases. There are different forms of DNA. When DNA is compactly coiled around proteins known as histones, it is referred to as a chromosome. The portions of DNA responsible for protein synthesis are known as genes.
Why did we use two primers in the GMO lab?
One to validate the successful extraction of plant DNA and the other to determine if the test food contained a GMO gene.
Explain why we need to have a negative control?
To validate our findings by demonstrating a clean extraction. Demonstrate no cross-contamination.