Behavioral Approaches
What is the primary difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning pairs stimuli to elicit a response, while operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment to shape behavior.
The main goal of this program is to reduce stress through present-moment awareness and nonjudgmental observation.
What is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)?
Examples include "all-or-nothing thinking" and "overgeneralization," which are addressed in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) through logical questioning.
What are cognitive distortions?
What societal factors are central to feminist therapy?
Gender, race, and class systems
This famous question invites clients to imagine a future where their problem no longer exists.
What is the miracle question in solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)?
Explain the difference between acceptance and cognitive defusion in ACT.
Acceptance acknowledges thoughts and feelings, while cognitive defusion separates thoughts from the self.
What are the shared goals of (Mindfulness-based stress reduction) MBSR and MBCT (Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), and how do they differ in their target populations?
Both aim to improve present-moment awareness. MBSR focuses broadly on stress, while MBCT targets recurrent depression.
Mark believes that when he makes a mistake at work, his life will be over. His therapist challenges him to look at specific examples where he succeeded, even if things didn’t go perfectly. What cognitive distortion is Mark displaying?
What is catastrophizing?
By framing the problem as separate from the individual, this narrative technique fosters empowerment.
What is externalization?
These simple, numerical questions help clients and therapists track progress and set achievable goals.
What are scaling questions?
During EMDR sessions, this type of stimulation, such as tapping or auditory tones, is used to activate both hemispheres of the brain.
What is bilateral stimulation
This mindfulness practice helps prevent depression relapse by breaking cycles of negative thinking.
What is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)?
What does the ABC model in REBT stand for?
A: Activating event
B: Belief about the event
C: Consequences (feelings and behaviors) of having this belief.
How does narrative therapy help clients "re-author" their stories?
Clients can reshape their identities by focusing on positive stories from their lives.
This SFBT technique involves identifying times when the problem was less severe or absent, highlighting strengths and resources.
What are exception questions?
When using Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with a non-verbal child, this is an important ethical consideration.
What is ensuring the child’s autonomy and avoiding overly controlling methods?
What would using non-judgmental observation to manage cravings look like?
Ex. smoking cigarettes
A therapist guides a client to observe their craving for a cigarette during a stressful moment, acknowledging it without acting on it.
How do cognitive therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy REBT differ in their approach to changing beliefs?
One therapy emphasizes restructuring specific distorted thoughts, while the other targets core irrational beliefs for long-term change.
A therapist helps a client challenge the societal stigma they feel has limited their career opportunities.
What is the therapist doing in this scenario?
What is deconstructing dominant narratives?
In Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), the primary therapeutic perspective regarding problems is this.
What is "Problems are de-emphasized to focus on solutions"?
A therapist is helping a client who has a fear of flying. The therapist starts by having Mark imagine being on a plane while practicing relaxation techniques, and over time, Mark will work up to short flights. What technique is the therapist using?
What is systematic desensitization?
A counselor guides the client through tensing and relaxing each of the muscles in their body from the ground up. This is the technique they are using.
What is progressive muscle relaxation?
This type of questioning involves guiding clients to examine their thoughts critically, often by asking, “What evidence supports or contradicts this belief?”
What is Socratic questioning?
Samantha feels pressured to fulfill traditional family roles and believes this limits her opportunities. Her therapist uses feminist therapy to help her challenge these restrictive beliefs and embrace her own aspirations. What goal of feminist therapy is being pursued here?
What is empowerment?
How might a counselor working with a LGBTQ+ client in a conservative community address the systemic issues affecting the client’s well-being?
What is advocating for inclusive policies and social change?