Anatomy of the Heart
What is the name of the upper chambers of the heart?
What are the atria?
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
What is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body?
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) measure?
What is electrical activity of the heart?
What part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement?
What is the cerebellum?
Identify the valve that prevents backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle.
What is the aorta valve?
Name the two main circuits of blood circulation in the human body.
What are the pulmonary and systemic circuits?
What is the significance of the AV node?
What is the atrioventricular (AV) node, which delays the electrical impulse to allow the atria to fully contract before ventricles contract?
Identify the three main waves of an ECG and their significance.
What are the P wave (atrial depolarization), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), and T wave (ventricular repolarization)?
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
What is the frontal lobe, which controls reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving?
What divides the left and right sides of the heart to prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
What is the septum?
Explain the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation.
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and lungs for gas exchange, while systemic circulation moves oxygenated blood to the rest of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
What is another name for bundle of branches?
What is the bundle of His?
How can ECGs be used to diagnose heart conditions?
What are abnormal wave patterns on an ECG that can indicate conditions like arrhythmias, heart attacks, or electrolyte imbalances?
Describe the role of the hypothalamus in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and the autonomic nervous system?
Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood and which side pumps oxygenated blood?
What is the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?
What are capillaries, which facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues?
What is the role of Purkinje fibers in heart function?
What are Purkinje fibers, which rapidly conduct impulses to ventricular muscle cells to ensure coordinated contraction?
Explain the importance of the P wave in an ECG.
What is the P wave, which shows atrial depolarization and indicates that the SA node is functioning?
What is the correct order of the cerebral lobes from front to back when viewing the brain from the side?
What are the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe (which is located below the others on the side)?
What is the correct order of blood flow through the chambers, valves, and major vessels of the heart?
What is right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta?
How does blood pressure affect circulation?
Blood pressure determines how forcefully blood moves through vessels, affecting the efficiency of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues.
Describe the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart.
What is the SA node → AV node → bundle of His → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers?
What does a prolonged QT interval indicate?
What is a delay in ventricular repolarization, which can increase the risk of arrhythmias?
What is the significance of the brainstem in vital functions?
What is the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?