Linguistic Approaches
Name four possible approaches for phonological disorders.
1. Minimal Pairs
2. Multiple Oppositions
3. Cycles Approach
4. Naturalistic Recast Therapy
Number of trials should be high in this phase of therapy
Generalization phase. The more, the better!
What do you provide after the child's response?
The consequent event - verbal, visual, or tactile cues, feedback, and/or positive reinforcement
Can the presence of a dialect co-occur with an SSD?
Yes! But the presence of a dialect is not equivalent to having a disorder.
What is the developmental approach?
Choosing easier, earlier developing errors and phonological patterns.
Define a minimal pair.
Two words that differ by one phoneme. Must be real words.
Define Knowledge of Results and Knowledge of Performance. Which do you want in establishment phase of treatment?
KOR- If you got it right or wrong
KOP- why you got it right or wrong
You want KOP in establishment phase
Give an example of a visual cue.
Showing a picture of the articulates, showing the child a mirror, showing them you producing the sound, using a gesture the child can see etc.
Are some dialects poorer forms of the standard dialect.
No, all dialects are systematic, rule governed.
Which causes better generalization: stimulable or non-stimulable sounds?
Non-stimulable sounds
What approach is best for severe SSD with features of sound collapse?
Multiple oppositions
What is constant practice? Variable practice? Which generalizes motor learning?
Constant practice- practicing it the same way every time (30 minutes of K initial words)
Variable practice- changing the practice session to random targets (30 minutes of K initial, K final, G initial, and G final)- better for generalization
What is the zone of proximal development?
A level of difficulty where a child can accomplish a task with assistance (but not on their own).
What influences dialect density?
SES and Geography
What is neighborhood density?
Do high or low neighborhood density words generalize easier?
Neighborhood density describes if a word has phonetically similar words. High neighborhood density words generalize better.
What approach is ideal for very young children with comorbid language disorders?
Naturalistic Recast Therapy
What is blocked practice? Distributed practice? Which improves generalization?
Blocked practice- practicing all at one time (e.g. 60 minutes 1x per week).
Distributed practice- spreading out practice sessions (e.g. 15 minutes 4x per week)- better for generalization
What are the 3 "phases" of therapy?
Establishment phase, Generalization phase, Maintainence phase
How do dialects form?
Geographic isolation, social isolation, social signaling, migration
Which errors/phonological patterns have the biggest impact on intelligibility?
Omission errors (i.e. initial and final consonant deletion) or atypical patterns
Name the elements included in a Cycles approach therapy session.
1. Review of homework 2. Auditory stimulation 3. Learn and practice new words 4. Phonological awareness activity 5. Auditory stimulation 6. Stimulability testing 7. Send home homework
Should high amounts of feedback be provided in the establishment or generalization phase of treatment?
Establishment phase. You want to use less feedback as treatment progresses.
What is dose form?
The intervention style that influences the number of trials you can attain. Consists of drill, drill play, structured play, and play.
How can SLPs evaluate kids with dialectal or language differences?
By using criterion referenced assessments (i.e. language samples), being aware of parent concerns, comparing the child to their language community, working with interpreters
What is a common goal of CAS therapy?
Expanding the complexity of syllable shapes using stimulable sounds.