Audition
The class of receptors involved in hearing.
What are mechanoreceptors?
respond to mechanical stimulation or pressure.
Sensory receptors that detect molecules in our food and air around us.
What are chemoreceptors?
This is the combined sensory experience of a food (its taste, its odor, its effect on the trigeminal nerve, and even visual experience.
What is flavor?
Touch/tactile receptors are classified as these types of receptors.
What are mechanoreceptors ?
because they respond to mechanical stimulation or pressure.
The type of process involved in attention.
What is active!?
This is the psychological aspect of sound related to perceived amplitude.
What is Loudness?
This is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is familiar with an odor but cannot recall its name, despite feeling as if they can.
Tip-of-the-nose
The average lifespan of tastebuds.
What is ~10 days
The perception and unpleasant experience of actual or threatened tissue damage.
What is Pain?
This type of attention involves restricting processing to a subset of the possible stimuli.
Selective
This is the psychological aspect of sound related mainly to the frequency. This is measured by Hertz (Hz)
Pitch.
*Humans can generally hear sounds from about 20 Hertz (Hz) to 20,000 Hertz (20 kHz)*
What is the function of the chemical senses?
What is to act as a warning system?
This type of papillae does NOT serve a gustatory function.
What is Filiform?
Touch receptors can be found in these two areas of the skin.
What is the dermis & epidermis
A state of vigilance. Scanning our surroundings & not attending to any particular stimulus.
What is Alertness?
This structure of the outer ear is where sounds are first collected from the environment.
pinna (Auricle)
Something about the olfactory pathway that is different from the other senses discussed in this class.
The first stop is NOT the thalamus!
Name the 4 types of papillae
Filiform
Fungiform
Foliate
Circumvallate
Sensory receptors that signal info about the temperature as measured on the skin.
What are Thermoreceptors?
An active thought about something.
Can be physically present or just in our imagination.
What is Awareness?
This part of the ear consists of three tiny bones called ossicles. Helps to amplify sound!
middle ear
When this type of olfaction is not present (maybe because you are sick with a cold) food will taste bland.
retronasal olfaction.
The gustatory pathway, unlike the other sensory pathways, because it travels to the brain in this way.
What is ipsilateral.
Side of your brain that receives information = same as the side of your tongue where the sensory receptors were.
This term describes the perception of the position and movement of our limbs in space
Propioception
If you point your eyes at the board while also directing attention to the board, you are engaging in this type of attention.
What is overt attention?
This hemisphere is more active during language processing.
What is the left?
The area where olfactory transduction occurs.
What is the olfactory epithelium.
Located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, this specialized lining contains millions of olfactory sensory neurons.
People are classified as “super tasters” or “normal” based on their sensitivity to this substance. Hint: You tested this with a small paper strip!
What is PTC?
BITTER!
This refers to the active use of touch to identify objects
haptic perception
A phenomenon in which people fail to perceive an object or event that is visible but not attended to. Gorilla video!
What is Inattentional Blindness?
These hair-like structures on the surface of hair cells in regulates the flow of ions into the cell.
What are stereocilia?
in the inner ear!
The “life-span” of olfactory receptors in humans.
What is 30 - 60 days.
The cells create new gustatory and olfactory cells.
What are basal cells?
SAI mechanoreceptors that are important for touch perceptions of pattern and texture. Response to continued pressure
What are Merkel cells.
Small receptive fields = high spatial sensitivity
A condition in which a person fails to attend to stimuli on one side of the visual world (usually the left) as a consequence of neurological damage to the posterior parietal lobe.
What is Hemispatial Neglect?
This is the pathway sound takes to get to the brain. Starting with the cochlea -> auditory nerve -> ????
superior olivary nucleus- inferior colliculus- medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) Thalamus- primary auditory cortex (A1) in the temporal lobe of the cortex.
The part of the brain responsible for processing olfaction and for assigning affective value (emotional significance) to stimuli.
OFC as “secondary taste cortex” plays role in integration of pleasure/displeasure from food.
And is responsible for the conscious experience of olfaction.
These are the "hair-like" projections on the tips of taste bud cells that extend into the taste pore.
What is Microvilli "Gustatory hairs"? stimulated by tastants!
A pathway for the mechanoreceptors (tactile perception) and proprioceptors (muscle position).
Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway (DCML)
The difficulty we experience in detecting differences between two visual stimuli that are identical except for one or more changes to the image.
What is Change Blindness?