Unit 1
What organelle is the storage and organization center of the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What are the two differences between active and passive transport?
Active: uses ATP and goes against the gradient
Passive: no ATP and with gradient
What is the complementary RNA to this DNA strand: CAACGT
GUUGCA
What happens in the G1, S G2, and G0 phases?
G1: growth (more proteins, cytoplasm, energy)
S: DNA replication and centrosome duplication
G2: more growth (organelles, energy)
G0: rest phase (NOT a part of cell cycle)
What is a phenotype?
A physical characteristic
What are the 3 major characteristics of Eukaryotic cells?
Membrane bound nuclei
Membrane bound organelles
Rod-shaped chromosomes
What is at least one function of each: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
Carbs: short term energy and structure
Fats: long term energy, insulation, and hormones\
Proteins: structure, enzymes, protection
What is the goal of DNA replication?
To make 2 identical (to each other and the original) DNA strands to be used in new cells
What happens in telophase?
Nuclear envelopes begin to reform around the 2 new nuclei and the mitotic spindle breaks down into the new cytoskeleton
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous allele pairs?
Homozygous have the same type of allele, heterozygous have different alleles
What are the two functions of the central vacuole?
Hydration and structure from internal pressure
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
CO2+light+H2O -> glucose and O2
What is the big idea of central dogma?
DNA is the genetic code that is used to create all of our proteins
What is the purpose of mitosis vs the purpose of meiosis?
Mitosis splits 1 diploid into 2 identical diploid cells
Meiosis splits 1 diploid into 4 non-identical haploid gametes
A pure tall plant and a pure short plant are crossed- what is the genotype and phenotype ratio of their offspring?
100% heterozygous Tt and 100% tall
What are the 3 postulates of cell theory?
All cells come from other cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
All organisms are made of one or more cells
What are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Pyruvate Conversion, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
What are the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
mRNA: brings genetic code to the ribosomes
tRNA: carries amino acids to ribosomes
rRNA: regulates ribosome function and protein synthesis
What is the protein that is used in eukaryotic cytokinesis?
Actin filaments
What is the law of dominance?
Whenever there is a dominant trait present in a genotype, the phenotype will be the dominant trait
mRNA is present in the cell but no proteins are being made- what organelle is likely malfunctioning?
ribosome
Describe the direction of ion flow and purpose of the Sodium/Potassium pump
What is the name of the enzyme that attaches together new mRNA off of the DNA template strand?
RNA polymerase
What are two major differences between meiosis I and meiosis II?
I: creates 2 diploid cells and splits homologous chromosomes
II: creates 4 haploid cells and splits sister chromatids
A woman with brown eyes has a parent with blue eyes (recessive). What must her genotype be?
Bb (must have dominant B to show brown eyes, but have b donated from blue eyed parent)