Respiration
What is the primary function of the larynx?
Biological
What are the 3 laryngeal cavities?
-Supraglottal, Glottal, Subglottal
What are the bones of the upper and lower jaw?
Lower jaw: Mandible
Who is at risk for swallowing problems?
-Elderly
-Confusion/dementia
-Strokes
-Head injury
-Surgery
-Premature babies
-Parkinson’s Disease
-ALS
What is the function of the outer ear?
It gathers and channels acoustic energy
What are the different parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
What is the only abductor of the larynx?
The posterior cricoarytenoid
What is the source and the filter in the Sound Filter Theory?
-Source: vocal folds
-Filter: vocal tract
What is the gold standard for imaging techniques?
Videofluroscopy (MBS)
What are the 3 bones in the middle ear?
-Malleus
-Incus
-Stapes
Explain how the diaphragm helps with inspiration?
Increases the thoracic volume by flattening in a parachute like movement
What is the function of the cricothyroid?
Pitch changes
What is the "core" of the facial skeleton?
Ethmoid bone
What are the phases of a normal swallow?
Name 1 middle ear function
1. Transduction/Transmission
2. Equalization of Air Pressure
3. Protection
4. Overcome Impedance Mismatch
Name 3 muscles for expiration?
-Internal intercostals (between ribs)
-Transversus thoracis (between ribs)
-Subcostals (between ribs)
-Serratus posterior inferior (back)
-Abdominals: External oblique, Internal oblique, Rectus abdominus, Transverse abdominus
1. Squamos Epithelium
2. Superficial Laminate Proper
3. Intermediate Lamina Proper
4. Deep Layer
5. Vocalis
-Hinging movement (lowering and closing mandible for speech and chewing)
-Gliding movement (protrusion of the mandible and assists with grinding)
-Lateral movement (tearing and grinding)
What are the 3 points of closure in swallowing system?
-Orbicularis Oris (closes front of oral cavity)
-Soft Palate (closes back of oral cavity)
-Upper Esophageal Sphincter - Cricopharyngeus (closes top of esophagus)
Explain how different frequencies effect the vibration of the tympanic membrane?
-Low frequencies: vibrates as a whole
-High frequencies: vibrates selectively
-Illium
-Sacru,
-Pubic bone (pubis)
-Ischium
Which laryngeal/cartilage bones are paired vs. unpaired?
-Thyroid
-Cricoid
-Arytenoid
-Corniculate
-Epiglottis
-Hyoid
-Thyroid: Unpaired
-Cricoid: Unpaired
-Arytenoid: Paired
-Corniculate: Paired
-Epiglottis: Unpaired
-Hyoid: Unpaired
What bone separates the sides of the naval cavity?
The vomer
-V Trigeminal
-VII Facial
-IX Glossopharyngeal
-X Vagus
-XII Hypoglossal
What muscle contracts during the acoustic reflex?
Stapedius