Passive
The heavy rain flooded the basement.
The basement was flooded.
Since I started my new job, I (work) very hard every day.
The students must to complete the homework before Friday.
The man is my uncle. He is standing by the door.
The man who is standing by the door is my uncle.
The parking is free, so you (not have to) pay.
don't have to
The city is building a new bridge over the river.
A new bridge is being built over the river.
The electricity went out while I (watch) my favorite show.
was watching
I should have went to bed earlier last night.
have gone
The book was very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.
The book which I borrowed from the library was very interesting.
Express a past obligation: "Last night, I (stay) at work late to finish the report
had to stay
The company is going to hire ten new employees next month.
Ten new employees are going to be hired next month.
As soon as the flight (land), I will text you.
lands
That is the teacher who her brother won the lottery.
whose brother
I have a friend. Her mother is a famous architect.
I have a friend whose mother is a famous architect.
Express prohibition: "The sign says you (must not) smoke in this area."
must not smoke
People must wash their hands before entering the lab.
Hands must be washed before entering the lab.
Our team (win) five games so far this season.
has won
My parents, they are coming to visit me this weekend.
My parents are coming
Does this sentence need commas? "My brother who lives in New York is a doctor." (Assume you have 3 brothers)
no commas
Use a modal to say something is very important/necessary: "You (wear) a helmet when you ride a motorcycle.
must/ have to
The professor has given the students a difficult assignment.
The students have been given a difficult assignment.
She (live) in Chicago for ten years until she moved to Seattle last summer.
has lived
When the rain will stop, we can go for a walk.
stops
The building is being renovated. It was built in 1920.
Express advice about a past mistake: "You (see) the doctor when you first felt sick last week
should have seen