Terminology
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word.
What are the three features used to describe consonants?
Voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation.
How many sounds are in the word strength?
6 (/s t r ɛ ŋ θ/)
What are the three basic parts of a syllable?
Onset, nucleus, and coda
What is the difference between an articulation disorder and a phonological disorder?
An articulation disorder involves difficulty producing individual speech sounds (motor/phonetic), while a phonological disorder involves difficulty learning or applying the sound system and phonological rules.
What is an allophone?
A systematic variation of a phoneme that does not change word meaning.
What are the four features used to describe vowels?
Height, advancement (backness), rounding, and tense/lax.
Which word contains a consonant cluster in the coda?
cat, tree, mask, pie
mask
What is the difference between an open and a closed syllable?
An open syllable ends with a vowel (no coda); a closed syllable ends with a consonant (has a coda)
Identify the phonological process demonstrated in each example.
cat → [tæt]
spoon → [pun]
rabbit → [wæbɪt]
1. Fronting
2. Cluster Reduction
3. Gliding
What is coarticulation?
The influence of one speech sound on another during speech production.
What is the articulatory description of /ʒ/?
Voiced palatal fricative
What articulatory feature(s) differ between /t/ and /d/?
Voicing
Identify the onset, nucleus, and coda in the word spring
During which prelinguistic stage do infants begin producing speech-like strings with adult-like intonation?
Jargon
What are suprasegmentals?
Features of speech that extend across sounds, such as stress, rhythm, and intonation.
What is the articulatory description of /ɛ/?
Low-mid, front, unrounded, lax vowel
Compare the sounds /s/ and /ʃ/. What articulatory feature(s) differ?
/s/ = voiceless alveolar fricative
/ʃ/ = voiceless palatal fricative
Place of articulation
Does the word plant follow the sonority principle? Why or why not?
Yes.
Sonority Pattern: 1 → 6 → 10 → 5 → 1
The sonority rises from the onset to the vowel (the syllable peak) and then decreases through the coda, following the sonority principle.
Which assessment procedure evaluates whether a child can correctly produce a sound after receiving cues or a model?
Stimulability testing
What is the difference between speech and language?
Speech is the motor act of producing sounds, while language is the system of rules used to communicate meaning.
What articulatory feature(s) differ between fan and van?
Voicing only
Compare the sounds /t/ and /n/. What articulatory feature(s) differ?
/t/ = voiceless alveolar stop
/n/ = voiced alveolar nasal
Voicing and manner
Determine whether each word contains an open or closed syllable: bee, sun, tree, hand, tent
bee – Open
sun – Closed
tree – Open
hand – Closed
tent – Closed
What is the difference between two-way scoring and five-way scoring?