Renal
Cola-colored urine, edema, and hypertension after a recent infection suggest this inflammatory kidney disorder.
What is glomerulonephritis?
Insertion of this device after TURP requires continuous irrigation, and urine should remain pale pink—not bright red with clots.
What is a triple-lumen Foley catheter?
Sudden onset of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss despite normal or increased appetite, and a higher risk for diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis — are most characteristics of this, which is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
What are clinical manifestations of Type 1 Diabetes?
This diagnostic test should be done FIRST when a patient reports chest pain and can show T-wave inversion, ST elevation, or an abnormal Q wave.
This lab value reflects a patient’s average blood glucose over 2–3 months and is considered the BEST indicator of diabetic control.
What is the A1C?
This genetic condition causes multiple kidney cysts and presents with abdominal pain, hematuria, hypertension, and sometimes severe headaches from potential cerebral aneurysm.
What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
After this procedure, the nurse must place the patient on strict bedrest for 6–8 hours and monitor for internal bleeding by checking the hematocrit.
What is a kidney biopsy?
This glucose emergency occurs when blood sugar drops to 50–70 mg/dL, often from too little food, too much exercise, or insulin at its peak. Classic adrenergic symptoms like tremors and diaphoresis may be completely masked in patients taking beta-blockers.
What is Hypoglycemia?
This electrolyte-retaining hormone antagonist is part of heart-failure discharge core measures because it reduces mortality in hypertension and LV dysfunction.
What is an aldosterone antagonist?
This lab test is the MOST specific indicator of myocardial injury, rises within hours, and can stay elevated for up to 2 weeks.
What is Troponin?
Testicular cancer most often affects males between these ages and may present with scrotal heaviness or back pain.
What are ages 20-34?
Flank pain, nausea, and hydronephrosis occur when this condition prevents urine from draining and backs it into the kidney
What is a urinary obstruction?
Class of medications, which reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity—but must be held before contrast dye studies.
What are biguanides?
(example: Metformin/Glucophage)
The accumulation of lipids and fibrous tissue inside arterial walls describes this process, the foundation of most CAD.
What is atherosclerosis?
Bright red urine after this bladder-visualizing procedure indicates hemorrhage and must be reported immediately.
What is cystoscopy?
A patient with renal calculi is prescribed oxybutynin. This drug does not treat the stone itself but decreases this specific physiological process that worsens pain.
What is bladder and ureteral smooth muscle spasm?
Flank pain, fever, chills, and nausea indicate this upper urinary infection requiring antibiotics for 2 full weeks.
What is pyelonephritis?
This is the recommended amount of daily fiber intake for diabetics to improve satiety and help stabilize blood glucose.
What is 25 grams of fiber per day?
This biomarker increases when cardiac filling pressures are high and is a key diagnostic indicator for HF.
What is BNP?
This polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is linked to low magnesium and certain medications, and does not respond to defibrillation alone.
What is Torsades de Pointes?
Patients with calcium oxalate stones should avoid oxalate-rich foods such as..
What is chocolate, nuts, and leafy green vegetables?
In testicular cancer, these two tumor markers—both elevated—help confirm the diagnosis.
What are AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) and beta-HCG?
In this diabetic crisis, an insulin drip must continue until the anion gap closes, even after the blood glucose falls below 250 mg/dL — at which point IV fluids are switched to D5NS to prevent cerebral edema. In the other hyperglycemic crisis, insulin drip requirements are guided by the glucose falling to 250 mg/dL since there is no acidosis and no gap to close.
What is: DKA requires insulin infusion until anion gap closure, while HHS does not?
This most common type of cardiomyopathy results in an enlarged left ventricle and reduced ejection fraction.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
This class must be avoided in patients with kidney disease, while this OTHER class must be avoided in patients with liver dysfunction.
What are biguanides (kidney) and thiazolidinediones/TZDs (liver)?