Memory Masters
This type of memory temporarily holds and manipulates information while solving problems or reading.
What is working memory?
The first step in academic self-regulation is setting these.
What are goals?
Believing "I can succeed if I work hard" reflects this motivational belief.
What is self-efficacy?
Evaluating evidence before accepting a claim is part of this type of thinking.
What is critical thinking?
Believing intelligence can improve with effort and effective strategies is called this mindset.
What is a growth mindset?
This strategy improves long-term learning better than simply rereading notes because you have to recall the information from your own memory.
What is retrieval practice?
A student who checks their understanding while studying is using this self-regulation skill.
What is self-monitoring?
According to Self-Determination Theory, people have three basic psychological needs. Name all three.
What is autonomy, belonging (or relatedness), and competence?
Replacing an incorrect belief with a scientifically accurate one is an example of this.
What is conceptual change?
Praise such as "Wow, you are so smart/talented!" fosters this type of mindset in students.
What is a fixed mindset?
This memory strategy involves spreading study sessions over multiple days instead of cramming.
What is spaced practice (spacing)?
Revising your study plan after realizing it isn't working demonstrates this phase of self-regulation.
What is self-reflection (or adaptation)?
This type of value suggests that the task is useful for some purpose.
What is utility value?
Using knowledge learned in psychology to solve problems in another class is an example of this.
What is knowledge transfer?
A student says that they didn't pass the exam because the exam was unfair is making this type of attribution (controllable or uncontrollable)?
Uncontrollable
According to Schacter, forgetting because similar memories interfere with one another is called this.
What is blocking?
Taking deep breaths before an exam to stay calm is an example of regulating these.
What are emotions (emotion regulation)?
A student studies because they genuinely enjoy learning, demonstrating this type of motivation.
What is intrinsic motivation?
Transfer is generally easier when the new situation is very similar to the original learning. This is called this type of transfer.
What is near transfer?
The best combination of the three dimensions (locus, stability, and controllability) of our attributions for motivation.
What are internal, unstable, and controllable factors?
The process of connecting new information with prior knowledge so it is easier to remember.
What is elaboration?
A response to a specific event in the environment that causes worry, fear, or frustration.
What is stress? (as opposed to anxiety)
According to Goal Orientation Theory, students primarily focused on not looking dumb or incompetent have this type of goal orientation.
What is performance avoidance goal orientation?
Views or opinions that are incorrect because they are based on faulty thinking or understanding.
What are misconceptions?
The ideal amount of self-efficacy one should have.
Self-efficacy that is calibrated with one's actual ability!
(But if you can't be exact, it's better to have slightly higher than lower self-efficacy!)